Fetal development at 14 obstetric weeks. Fourteenth week of pregnancy, determining the sex of the child. How does the fetus develop during this period?

This period of pregnancy is often called the “golden” period, because during it nausea and other symptoms disappear, the expectant mother feels energetic and full of strength. Sometimes the second trimester is also called the “honeymoon of pregnancy.” This is the best time for shopping trips, arranging a future children's room, and for short trips.

Signs and symptoms of 14 weeks pregnant

Many of the symptoms that bothered you in the early weeks of pregnancy should subside during the second trimester. Don't worry if this hasn't happened yet. You may still not feel very well at 14 weeks of pregnancy, but your condition will change very soon.

So, at the fourteenth week of pregnancy, the expectant mother may experience the following symptoms:
· Round ligament pain. Manifests itself in the form of pain and cramps in the lower abdomen. It occurs because the growth of the uterus leads to stretching of muscles and ligaments. There is nothing wrong with these sensations, but if the pain is very severe, you need to visit a doctor.

Picture caption: Ligaments of the uterus. LetterR stands for round ligament.
· Increased energy. Gradually, you will begin to notice that you feel better, more energetic, and every day you manage to do more and more things.

· Increased appetite. It usually increases as soon as morning nausea stops bothering you.

· Improved hair appearance. They seem more magnificent, shiny, beautiful.

· Some expectant mothers experience symptoms such as nasal congestion, nosebleeds, and snoring at night.. This occurs due to increased blood flow to the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity.

· Disappearance of nausea. This annoying symptom will stop tormenting most women in the second trimester, but not everyone will be lucky. Some will continue to feel sick for a long time. Sometimes the symptom persists until the very end of pregnancy. In order to cope with it, try not to eat large portions, drink more fluids, and avoid unpleasant odors. Some women find ginger helpful: it can be added to drinks.

· "Fog" in the head. Do you notice that you often forget everything? This is normal, because your body has to spend a lot of resources on the growth and development of the child.

· Unusual food cravings. Some expectant mothers begin to develop an appetite for inedible objects, for example, a piece of coal, chalk, or red brick.

· Mood swings. This symptom will accompany you throughout your pregnancy, but with the beginning of the second trimester, your emotional state will stabilize somewhat. The following can throw you off balance: hormonal changes, fatigue, stress, conflicts.

What happens to the fetus at 14 weeks of pregnancy?

At week 14 the fetus is approximately the size of a peach. Its body length is 8–9 cm, weight – 42–43 grams. The baby acquires many new skills: now he can move his eyes to his nose, make various grimaces, urinate and even suck his finger. The brain begins to frequently send impulses to the facial muscles, thanks to which they constantly train and develop. This helps shape facial features. The movements of the arms and legs (the length of which is now approximately 1–1.5 cm) become smoother and more active. But many mothers still do not feel how the fetus is “pushing” in the uterus. A unique appearance appears on the fingers papillary pattern– now the unborn child has his own unique fingerprints.

The baby's body grows faster than the head, its proportions gradually level out and approach those of a newborn child. The growth of the arms relative to the body practically stops, the legs continue to “stretch”. The skin of the fetus at 14 weeks of pregnancy is still almost transparent, thin, delicate hairs begin to grow on it - lanugo. While there is no subcutaneous fat layer, they help regulate body temperature and avoid hypothermia. By the time of childbirth, lanugos most often fall out completely. The first hairs appear on the head, eyelashes and eyebrows appear. The eyes are still closed and will not open soon - at approximately 23 weeks.
The head continues to grow, and the eyes move even closer to the nose. The neck becomes more and more clearly visible, the head rises more strongly above the body.

The baby's kidneys actively produce urine, which he then releases into the amniotic fluid. The liver is actively working (now it can synthesize bile), the spleen produces red blood cells - erythrocytes. Blood cells are formed at an accelerated pace in the red bone marrow. The fetus’s body begins to independently produce hormones, and its thyroid gland has matured. The development of the reproductive system is accelerated. Boys develop a “man’s second heart” - prostate. After a couple of weeks, they will be able to experience a full erection.

The child makes breathing movements - he is already preparing for life outside his mother’s tummy. His intestines begin to produce primary stool - meconium, which will go away shortly after birth.

Ultrasound at 14 weeks of pregnancy

If you are 14 weeks pregnant and still haven't had your first routine ultrasound, you should hurry up. Firstly, the deadline for the first screening is coming to an end. Secondly, you are depriving yourself of a lot of interesting and touching moments. During the ultrasound examination, you will hear your baby's heart beating. Maybe he'll even show you how he sucks his thumb.

Ultrasound images at 14 weeks look something like this:

What happens to the uterus and abdomen at 14 weeks of pregnancy?

At the fourteenth week of pregnancy, the uterus enlarges so much that the belly becomes clearly visible.
At 14 weeks of pregnancy, the doctor can measure fundal height of the uterus- the distance between its uppermost part and the pubic bones.

This indicator helps to assess the development of the fetus and the amount of amniotic fluid, and indirectly judge the weight of the baby and the gestational age. At the fourteenth week, the normal height of the uterine fundus is 12–18 cm. Deviations from these indicators may indicate certain conditions:

· Decrease in fundal height of the uterus to less than 12 cm: oligohydramnios(a decrease in the amount of amniotic fluid, in the professional language of doctors is called oligohydramnios), delayed growth and development of the fetus.

· Increasing the height of the uterine fundus by more than 18 cm: polyhydramnios (hydramnios– increased amount of amniotic fluid), placenta previa, macrosomia(large fruit size).

During visits to the antenatal clinic, the doctor measures the abdominal circumference and the height of the uterine fundus using a flexible measuring tape. You can also carry out the procedure yourself:
1. First, empty your bladder.

2. The measurement must be taken while lying on your back.

3. Feel the top edge of your pubic joint. This is not always easy, since the bones in this area are hidden under a layer of fat. You can focus on the upper limit of pubic hair growth.

4. Then feel the fundus of the uterus. You need to act carefully, remembering that there is a baby in your tummy.

5. Take a flexible measuring tape. Place the “0” mark on the upper edge of the pubic joint. Measure the distance to the fundus of the uterus.

Please remember that no conclusions can be drawn from self-measurements. If you find any abnormalities, consult your doctor.

How much weight should an expectant mother gain?

Perhaps at 14 weeks of pregnancy you will notice that your weight has begun to increase much faster. This is normal, because your symptoms of the first trimester have probably already passed, nausea has stopped bothering you, and your appetite has returned to normal. In addition, your baby is growing quickly, and your uterus is expanding along with it.
Calculate mother's weight gain during pregnancy by week

If before pregnancy your weight was average, starting from the fourteenth week you need to add 450 grams. If you are pregnant with twins, then until about 20 weeks you will gain weight at approximately the same pace.
If you think you are gaining weight too quickly, consult your doctor. Perhaps he will give recommendations on nutrition or advise you to spend more time on physical exercise.

How to eat properly?

The fetus cannot feed itself; it has to rely entirely on its mother. Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and calories - the supply of all this to a small developing body depends on your diet.

Calm down: you don’t need to buy any exotic products, take expensive dietary supplements and “eat for two.” All that is required of you: your nutrition should be complete and varied. Almost everything you need is already in your refrigerator. Now, at week 14, when nausea has probably stopped bothering you, it’s time to get your diet in order.

It is worth dwelling in more detail on some substances necessary for the fetus.

Folic acid

Surely the doctor prescribed you folic acid supplements during your first visit to the antenatal clinic. This substance is essential for the proper development of your baby's brain and spinal cord, and your body can get it from more than just prenatal vitamins.
Foods rich in folic acid include:
· Whole grains.
· Green leafy vegetables.
· Beans.
· Bananas.
· Milk.
· Broccoli.

As for folic acid supplements, you should start taking them before you become pregnant. The recommended daily dose before pregnancy is 400 mcg, during pregnancy – 600 mcg.

Iron

It is part of hemoglobin and is involved in the transport of oxygen by red blood cells. This is especially important for the expectant mother, since during pregnancy the hormone progesterone expands the lumen of blood vessels, and blood volume increases. Accordingly, the number of red blood cells should increase. If there are too few of them, anemia develops.
Iron-rich foods:
· Beef.
· Duck meat.
· Soy products.
· Jacket potatoes.
· Spinach.
· Dried fruits.

Calcium

This mineral is necessary for the formation of strong teeth and bones in a child. In the expectant mother it reduces the risk preeclampsia and helps prevent osteoporosis later in life. You can provide your body with its daily requirement of calcium by consuming foods such as:
· Milk.
· Juices fortified with calcium.
· Sesame seeds.
· Almonds.
· Green leafy vegetables.
· Soy products.
· Canned salmon.
· Sardines.
· Broccoli.

Vitamin C

In addition to other beneficial effects, ascorbic acid is needed for the synthesis collagen– the main protein of connective tissue. It is necessary for the normal development of cartilage, ligaments, muscles, blood vessels, and bones. If the expectant mother receives a sufficient amount of vitamin C, she is protected from premature rupture of the membranes, and her baby will be born at a good weight.
Sources of ascorbic acid during pregnancy:
· Orange juice.
· Fruits: mango, papaya, melon, strawberry.
· Vegetables: red bell pepper, broccoli.
· Carrot, tomato juice.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D is needed by the growing fetus for the normal formation of teeth and bones, as it is involved in calcium metabolism. In addition, it has been scientifically proven that a lack of this substance in a pregnant woman’s body increases the risk of autism in a child by 2 times. The main sources of vitamin D are milk and sunlight. If you can't consume dairy products and don't spend much time outdoors, you'll have to think about additional sources of the vitamin. Please pay attention to the following products:
· Canned sardines.
· Orange juice.
· Egg yolk.

Omega-3 fatty acids

Necessary for the development of the brain and retina of the eye, must be supplied to the body of the expectant mother daily. You can get omega-3 fatty acids from the following foods:
· Trout.
· Anchovy.
· Sardines.
· Salmon.
· Eggs.

Physical activity

Many expectant mothers at 14 weeks of pregnancy feel a surge of strength and become more energetic, but some still experience increased fatigue. Is this a reason to constantly relax and lie on the couch? No. Of course, proper rest is necessary for a pregnant woman, but if it becomes almost constant, it makes the woman even more lethargic, apathetic, and discourages any desire to do anything.
You need exercise. You may be reluctant to do them at first, but gradually they will make you more energetic, help you feel better, and get you back in good shape. Moreover, in order to remain physically active, it is not at all necessary to specifically go to the gym and load your body with some super complex exercises.

For example, walking 30 minutes a day is enough. Preferably in the fresh air. Some types of exercise, such as yoga, require little to no effort at all. On the contrary, they help you relax and feel even more pleasant than spending time on the couch under a warm blanket. Swimming in the pool provides excellent relaxation, because in the water your body weight decreases, tense muscles and ligaments relax.
You may very soon notice that after physical exercise you get a charge of vigor and good mood. The half-asleep state evaporates!

In general, outdoor activities are better than indoor activities. Therefore, a park is better than an apartment, and a stadium is better than an indoor gym. But some exercises are best done indoors. For example, if you love cycling, then you should install an exercise bike in your apartment. On a bicycle you can lose your balance and fall.
It's common to feel an appetite after exercise, so be sure to pack some light snacks when heading to class. Be sure to bring a bottle of water or your other favorite drink. Dehydration should not be allowed; now it is dangerous for both you and the unborn child.

Many pregnant women, especially working ones, complain about lack of time. There is so little of it left that there is no time to even do morning exercises. In fact, you can always find time. When going to work, go one stop. Park your car away from your work area so you can walk. Opportunity can always be found.

And the most important rule during pregnancy: physical activity should be in moderation, fanaticism is inappropriate. If you have health problems or are experiencing complications during your pregnancy, you should consult your doctor before starting exercise.

Is it possible to have sex?

You can have sex at almost any stage of pregnancy. It won't harm the baby in any way. However, it is worth remembering some contraindications:
· Bleeding.
· Water broke.
· The doctor has discovered other conditions in which sex is contraindicated.

If pain occurs during intimacy, you need to stop. If pain or severe cramping persists for more than two hours after sexual intercourse, you should immediately call a doctor.

· If you are often stressed, try to rest more and talk to people who support you.

· If you still haven’t bought a maternity and nursing bra, your breasts are already screaming at you that it’s time to do so. It increases, and wearing a regular bra becomes more and more uncomfortable.

If you continue to experience severe nausea, you should consult your doctor. You need to make sure that your unborn child receives the necessary substances.

Toxins - Video guide week 14

14TH WEEK OF PREGNANCY: COURSE OF PREGNANCY

On 14 weeks pregnant in relation to the pubic bone, it gradually rises towards the navel. The bottom of the uterus is located between the pubic joint and the navel, and its upper edge rises above the pubis by an average of 12 cm. In this position, the uterus can be easily palpated; to do this, the expectant mother just needs to place her palm on her stomach.

Together with the uterus, the belly of the expectant mother rises higher, it is noticeably rounded and is especially noticeable if the woman is wearing a fairly tight outfit. The baby is actively moving, pushing away from the walls of the uterus, but the pregnant woman does not yet feel these tremors, perceiving them as intestinal peristalsis; the first movements will be noticeable at 18-20 weeks.

WHAT HAPPENS IN THE 14TH WEEK OF PREGNANCY

Most often at 14 weeks of pregnancy symptoms subside, the expectant mother feels much more cheerful and active. However, if this statement does not apply to your pregnancy, be strong, just a couple more weeks and everything will definitely return to normal, the time will come when you can enjoy your unique condition, and not suffer from attacks of nausea and vomiting.

Steadily the belly grows and enlarges, although the factor of its visibility to others is purely individual. If the expectant mother was slim before pregnancy, of course her rounded shape may be visible, but if the woman has always been quite large, at this stage the pregnancy may still be invisible to outsiders, especially if she does not experience any problems with toxicosis, appetite and fatigue.

Emotional state stabilizes pregnant, she is no longer so irritable, whiny and emotional. The expectant mother has come to terms with the fact of her pregnancy and now perceives everything related to her baby much calmer and more rationally, preparing for her new role.

14th week of pregnancy: a pregnant woman may experience moderate light hair, which is a normal process. If the consistency or color changes, itching or burning occurs, this may indicate an infection or the development of thrush (candidiasis). Be sure to pay attention to the appearance of bloody discharge, especially if it is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen. This situation indicates a high probability of premature termination of pregnancy; if such symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.

FUTURE BABY AT 14 WEEKS OF PREGNANCY

At week 14, the future baby is the size of a medium apple: its weight is about 30-35 g, its height is 10-11 cm, and it continues to grow actively. The baby is already quite similar to a newborn: his face becomes more expressive every day, his ears, cheeks, nose are quite visible, his eyes move towards the bridge of his nose, but are still covered by eyelids, he has eyelashes and eyebrows, and facial expressions are developed.

The skin becomes more and more sensitive, the baby’s taste buds develop, the formation of a bone skeleton from cartilage continues, and the ribs slowly develop. With the help of the diaphragm, the baby trains to make breathing movements.

With the onset of the 14th week of pregnancy, the child’s genital organs form, but it is unlikely that it will be possible to find out the gender of the unborn baby at this period.

At week 14, lanugo continues to form on the baby's skin - a thin fluff of hair that mirrors the skin pattern. Each small hair does not live and function for long; one that falls out quickly enough is replaced by another. Lost hairs enter the amniotic fluid. The main function of lanugo is protective; this hair fluff traps a waxy substance that the child’s body secretes, forming a dense lubricant. Lubrication is necessary for the baby to move through the birth canal as easily as possible during childbirth.

14TH WEEK OF PREGNANCY: HOW A MOTHER’S LIFE CHANGES

At this time, it is not surprising if the expectant mother suddenly has an irresistible desire to start cooking, or start creating a corner for the baby in the apartment - this is the nesting instinct awakening, the body is preparing for the role of mother.

If by the 14th week the woman’s condition has improved, it’s time to start sports activities for pregnant women: fitness, gymnastics or swimming. Before starting training, it is mandatory to consult a doctor, and also inform the trainer about your “interesting situation”. Due to the increase in hormones during pregnancy, the body begins to produce relaxin, a substance that softens and lengthens the cervix and the junction of the pubic bones. This will help ease the birth process, however, it also increases the risk of injury during training, so be attentive to your condition, do not make sudden movements and do not overexert yourself.

During training, it is important not to forget to monitor your heart rate; it is important that it does not exceed 140 beats per minute. If the limit mark is exceeded, the baby may not receive enough oxygen. You should also avoid exercises that require you to lie on your back - in this position, the weight of the uterus puts pressure on the inferior vena cava, which carries blood from the legs to the heart. Due to a decrease in blood flow, the heart can speed up its work, causing the expectant mother to experience shortness of breath.

14TH WEEK OF PREGNANCY: MOTHER'S NUTRITION

14th week of pregnancy: due to the active development of the fetus, and also if the expectant mother previously suffered from toxicosis, she may experience a lack of nutrients in the body. So, for example, if a woman’s body does not have enough vitamin C, bleeding gums or decreased immunity may occur. If the expectant mother and her baby do not have enough vitamin A for serious internal work, nails may begin to break, skin will peel, and hair will become dry.

To prevent such problems from arising, it is necessary daily, and also ensure that was rich in vitamins, nutritious and varied. Mandatory item for breakfast, lunch and dinner: vegetables and fruits in various forms, fish and lean meat, dairy products, eggs, cereals, durum pasta. It is worth limiting yourself to fatty, salty, smoked, pickled and sweet foods - now this is an unnecessary burden on the gastrointestinal tract of the expectant mother, who may already suffer from constipation and heartburn.

The main rule of nutrition during this period is moderation, there is no reason to eat for two, as relatives say. Of course, if your body requires food, you don’t need to endure it and you don’t need to starve, but if instead of a piece of cake or a plate of fried potatoes, the expectant mother pleases you with, for example, fish with vegetables in a steamer, polenta with mushrooms or carrot casserole, it will be much healthier for both her and her. and for the baby.

Bosyak Yulia Vasilievna, obstetrician-gynecologist, reproductive specialist at the Human Reproduction Clinic “Alternative” says: “The cartilage that makes up the child’s skeleton turns into bones. The arms reach a length proportional to the body, but the legs still lag behind. The genitals can be characterized as male and female, but on ultrasound they are not yet distinguishable. The child may yawn and even suck his finger, he will tumble, but you don’t feel it yet. The fetal body begins to secrete urine into the amniotic fluid. The child’s length is 8.7 cm, like a pear, weight is 45 g.”

14TH WEEK OF PREGNANCY: POSSIBLE PROBLEMS

At the 14th week of pregnancy, in addition to periodic nagging pain in the lower abdomen, a pregnant woman may experience stretching of the ligaments holding the growing uterus. back pain And headache.

There are many reasons for the appearance of unpleasant pain in the back area:

during pregnancy, the center of gravity of the body shifts, which increases the load on the lower back, which sag, and the vertebrae of the lumbosacral region become in an unnatural position, causing pain;
in a short time, the weight of the expectant mother increased, which increased the load on the muscles of the musculoskeletal system, which has not yet been able to adapt;
if the expectant mother has incorrect posture and is forced to spend a lot of time standing, this can lead to overload of the spine and lumbar region and cause pain;
during pregnancy, the hormone relaxin is released, which softens the pelvic bones so that the process of the baby passing through the birth canal is more gentle;
the use of uncomfortable shoes, especially high heels, which cause additional stress on the musculoskeletal system.

To prevent back pain, you should exercise, pay attention to yoga and other relaxing practices, take warm baths with herbs and oils, rest enough time a day, sleep on a comfortable, preferably orthopedic mattress and pillow.

At 14 weeks of pregnancy headache may be similar to a migraine and appear suddenly. The cause of headaches may be hormonal changes in the body of the expectant mother, increased or decreased blood pressure, hunger, visual or mental tension, stress or physical fatigue.

In order for such attacks to torment the expectant mother less often, it is worth getting full rest, going to bed early, avoiding overwork, watching your diet and drinking regime, not walking under the scorching sun, and also not attending noisy, crowded events and stuffy establishments. If the headache still cannot be avoided, do not take medications without consulting your doctor, it’s better to massage your head, sleep if possible, or at least relax in a quiet and peaceful environment.

If the headache has become almost constant, the headache hurts even in the morning, immediately after sleep, the pain is localized in a certain area of the head, vision, hearing, speech, motor functions and sensitivity are impaired during attacks - you should immediately consult a doctor.

NECESSARY TESTS AT THE 14TH WEEK OF PREGNANCY

At 14 weeks of pregnancy no special, however, if the expectant mother has any problems with the course of pregnancy, she may be prescribed to make sure that the development indicators of the unborn baby meet the norms.

The assessment is based on such parameters as the diameter of the abdomen and chest of the fetus, the length of the femur, as well as the biparietal size. Band parietal size- the actual distance between the opposite walls (outer contours) of the parietal bones of the skull. This characteristic of the size of the future baby’s head is important for assessing the possibility of passage through the birth canal. Also, it is the increase in the size of the cranium that is a sign of brain development and can, by its size, indicate whether its development is proceeding normally.

Also, at the 14th week of pregnancy, an ultrasound scan can evaluate the development of the baby’s bones: elbows, shoulders, radius, fibula and tibia, feet and hands, and assess the functioning of internal organs such as the heart, kidneys, stomach, bladder and intestines.

Most often the first screening- an examination with which you can timely detect any pathologies in the development of a child - is carried out on. Screening includes a biochemical blood test and an ultrasound examination of the collar area of the unborn baby. The most indicative period for measuring the size of the collar zone is the period of the 12th week, since this parameter is quite unstable and changes depending on the growth and development of the fetus.

If at 14 weeks the expectant mother is still did not pass the first screening test, then it can be done later, since during this period it will not be informative. The second screening must be done at the 17th or 18th week of pregnancy, for this you will need to donate blood from a vein for the three hormones b-hCG, AFP and free estriol, and also visit the ultrasound room again.

USEFUL TIPS AT 14 WEEKS OF PREGNANCY

If you notice that your usual jeans are already pressing on you, it’s time to think about a special one; it will help you feel comfortable and beautiful in such an important period of your life.

Modern clothing models take into account the changes that occur to a woman’s body during pregnancy, so you shouldn’t worry about the fact that you won’t wear the item you bought for a long time if your belly gets bigger. Most often, the models feature elastic inserts that will help the expectant mother feel comfortable, or a special adjustable cut that allows even the owner of a fairly impressive tummy to be beautiful.

Also take a closer look at the assortment, it must be natural and high quality. The choice of special creams, balms and gels that will help maintain skin tone and minimize the appearance of stretch marks is quite wide, but some expectant mothers prefer regular olive or almond oil.

A child at 14 weeks of pregnancy already has all the vital organs and leading systems. They are not yet fully functioning, as they will develop over the course of two dozen weeks. However, the unborn child actively trains and tests them, preparing for the long postpartum adaptation process.

The baby's height increases to 10-15 cm. This indicator is variable and largely depends on the physique of the parents. Don't worry if growth is at the lower limit. Very soon the baby will begin to rapidly add the missing centimeters.
The weight of the fetus reaches 45-55 grams. Now it looks like a large apple. Every day the baby gains muscle mass, subcutaneous fat, and his movements become more confident and strong.
External primary sexual characteristics have finally formed. Girls already have ovaries, and boys have a prostate gland that appears and begins to grow.
The bones continue to grow stronger. If previously they resembled fragile cartilage, then every day their structure becomes more dense. To do this, the child takes a large amount of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D from the mother’s body every day.

Facial expressions appear on the baby's face. It is still difficult to see during a three-dimensional ultrasound scan. However, every minute the baby frowns, smiles, turns his head, and smacks his lips.
The skin of the embryo continues to remain thin and transparent. Through it you can see a large number of vessels that nourish organs and soft tissues. Fuzz and grease appear on the surface of the skin. They perform a protective function that will persist until childbirth.
Respiratory training begins. The baby swallows amniotic fluid and releases it back. In this way, he tests the lungs, which will transform and mature until the middle of the third trimester.
At 14 weeks, a special period begins - the second trimester. For a child, it is associated with serious changes and transformations in the body.

Development of twins

Twin Pregnancy and Beyond

During a multiple pregnancy, the rate of growth and weight gain for future babies is lower than during a singleton pregnancy. Despite this, future children are also actively developing and in most cases correspond in physical indicators to their peers.

The size of each baby at 14 weeks is about 10 cm, and their total body weight is close to 70 grams. During pregnancy with twins, the height of the uterine fundus increases faster, so during this period, expectant mothers may notice a clear increase in volume in the lower abdomen.

Babies who are in different fetal sacs cannot have close contact with each other. As a rule, these are children of different sexes, who also already have visible primary sexual characteristics. If babies are located in the same amniotic sac, then they have tactile contact. Most often these are same-sex children. This indicator can be found out accurately if you do an ultrasound at 14 weeks.

What's happening to mom: sensations

The fourteenth week of pregnancy is an important turning point for a woman. At this time, the first trimester ends and the second trimester begins. This means that most of the risks and dangers are already behind us. The placenta actively functions in the uterine cavity, which reliably protects the unborn baby from the effects of external or internal negative factors.

Breast. At 14 weeks, stretch marks may appear on the skin of the mammary glands. They arise due to a rapid increase in breast volume and reduced elasticity of the epidermis. Moms notice thin lines that are pink or purple in color. As the period increases, stretch marks may become wider, so it is worth choosing a preventive cosmetic product for the care of the mammary glands now.

Uterus. The cavity of the reproductive organ, due to the growth of the fertilized egg in it, rises above the small pelvis. She doesn’t protrude forward much yet, so the expectant mother manages to hide her new position from strangers. However, the closest relatives clearly notice that the woman has gained weight, and her shape has become rounder and more feminine. It is from the 14th week that many expectant mothers change their usual wardrobe to more spacious and comfortable things that do not squeeze the lower abdomen.

Face. Due to hormonal changes, the face of the expectant mother may change. As fluid accumulates in the soft tissues, his features become blurred. At this stage, you can see the first “potato nose” or swollen lips. Proper nutrition and drinking regimen will help you avoid these incidents in the future. Pigment spots may also appear on the face. They do not arise from exposure to the sun, but under the influence of hormonal levels. However, sunscreen helps reduce the likelihood of local darkening on the face in hot weather.

Body. About two weeks ago, a small light fluff began to appear on the expectant mother’s belly and chest. By the 14th week it may increase, but do not worry and look for effective ways to remove it. After childbirth, the fuzz will fall off on its own. By resorting to depilation, expectant mothers risk triggering the growth of new hairs. With the beginning of the second trimester, the activity of the sweat glands increases. Women notice that they suddenly feel hot, sweat appears on their body, and their face turns red. Such moments do not happen often, but they cause serious discomfort.

Hair and nails. At 14 weeks, you can notice how your hair has become thicker. Women note that their hairs become thicker and fall out less often. In addition, nails grow faster, and their structure is magically strengthened. Sometimes thanks for these changes are given to multivitamin complexes. However, it would be more correct to thank hormonal levels and a healthy, balanced diet. Positive changes in the condition of hair and nails will continue until childbirth. Therefore, after the baby is born, it will seem that the hair is literally falling off.

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Teeth. 14 weeks is a good time to visit the dentist. Most expectant mothers have indications for sanitation, so it's time to undergo treatment. If this is not done, then after 14 weeks the condition of the teeth may deteriorate noticeably. This period is accompanied by rapid growth of the child's body and strengthening of his bones. Due to a deficiency of phosphorus and calcium, the teeth of the expectant mother suffer. Remineralizing gel and good nutrition will help strengthen the enamel.

Toxicosis. With the start of the second trimester, up to 80% of women get rid of toxicosis. Morning nausea and vomiting immediately disappear on their own and stop tormenting the expectant mother. This allows you to enjoy your favorite food to the fullest, lead a normal lifestyle again, walk a lot and travel. If in the early stages signs of toxicosis did not allow you to eat properly, now this moment can be overcome. In addition, at 14 weeks, the mother’s and her baby’s body’s need for vitamins and micronutrients increases.

Body mass. More than half of women gain weight by 14 weeks. The increase occurs due to the growth of the uterus and an increase in body volume. Also, due to progesterone, fluid accumulates in soft tissues. At week 14, regular weigh-ins show an increase of 2-3 kg. However, with severe signs of toxicosis in the early stages, these indicators may be lower. If in the first trimester the expectant mother did not gain but lost weight, then the time has come to correct this misunderstanding. However, you should not indulge in unhealthy and fatty foods. After giving birth, you will want to get rid of those extra pounds as quickly as possible.

Urinary system. At week 14, the growing uterus has already left the boundaries of the small pelvis and is protruding forward. The cavity of the reproductive organ is located in such a way that it puts pressure on the bladder. Therefore, women at the beginning of the second trimester are more likely to experience the urge to urinate. It’s enough to drink a mug of tea and you immediately have to run to the toilet 2-3 times. It is important that the urge cannot be tolerated. Otherwise, the expectant mother will begin to have difficulties with the functioning of the urinary system and may even develop a complication.

Digestion. At 14 weeks, the uterus does not yet put pressure on the stomach, so the expectant mother does not experience digestive problems. If toxicosis has ended during this period, then the woman can afford any food. Up to 50% of expectant mothers notice changes in the functioning of the digestive system at the beginning of the second trimester. The initial stages of pregnancy are accompanied by constipation due to increased levels of progesterone. By week 14, intestinal motility is restored, and stool becomes regular. This makes women feel comfortable.

Heart and blood vessels. The volume of circulating blood increases at 14 weeks. In this regard, the load on the blood vessels and heart increases. Women cannot track how the cardiovascular system works in their body, but they feel obvious changes. Since the heart pumps a large volume of blood, its contraction rate will increase. Due to the inclusion of small vessels in their work, there is a decrease in blood pressure. A woman may be bothered by nosebleeds, which most often appear in the morning after waking up.

Not from the moment of fertilization, but from the beginning of the last menstrual bleeding. This period is called obstetric. A month consists of 4 weeks. Thus, with a period of 14 weeks, 3 full months and 2 weeks have already passed. Most likely, exactly 3 months have passed since conception.

Gender of the unborn baby at 14 weeks: how can you find out?

In medicine, 3 main methods are used to determine the sex of a child:

According to ultrasound. This method helps to see the baby's external genitalia. They will become clearly visible from the 15th week. However, if the genital organs are externally similar during development, it is better to wait to determine sex using this method until 19-22 weeks. Before this period, the chance of making a mistake is very high.
Blood analysis. This method is based on the fact that all cells of a pregnant woman contain only the X chromosome. If a Y chromosome is detected during a study of venous blood, then it can only appear when the genetic material of a male child enters the mother’s blood. Such penetration of a small number of fetal blood cells is possible. Therefore, if a Y chromosome is detected, we can confidently speak about pregnancy with a male fetus. The method is favored by its low invasiveness (venous blood is examined). The method is reliable from 9 weeks.
Chorionic villus biopsy. Placental villous puncture is the most reliable method of determining sex. This is determined by the fact that the material obtained from the biopsy contains a sufficient amount of genetic material from the fetus. The method is complex and traumatic, so it is prescribed only for strict medical reasons.

Non-medical methods for determining the sex of a child at 14 weeks

There are many non-medical ways to find out:

According to the Chinese calendar. This method involves calculating the sex of the child using a table, depending on the age of the mother.
According to the ovulatory schedule. It is believed that sperm carrying the X chromosome and responsible for the birth of girls have a lower speed and greater vitality in the reproductive tract. That is, if sperm enters the cervical canal 2-3 days before ovulation, then a female child will be born. If sperm enters a woman’s genital tract on the day of ovulation or immediately after it, a boy will be conceived.
Determination of gender by nutrition. If during pregnancy you “crave sweets”, vegetables, fruits, candies, then the birth of a girl is expected. If food preferences weigh in favor of meat and fish, a boy will be born.
Determination by Rh factor. If the parents' Rhesus matches, a girl will be born. If it is different, then the birth of a boy is possible.
By blood type. This method evaluates the combination of group affiliation of future parents.

Non-medical methods are not reliable. They are not recommended for planning a future pregnancy or diagnosing an existing pregnancy. The most obvious mistake is the impossibility of having children of different sexes from the same parents, because blood type and Rh factor do not change throughout life! Based on such methods, you can make a mistake and become morally attached to a non-existent girl or boy, set your spouse and older children up for the birth of a child of a particular gender, or buy clothes of a certain color. In this case, the birth of a baby of a different sex may be overshadowed by unjustified expectations.

Wait until birth! At this point everything will become clear and you will avoid disappointment.

What happens to the baby at 14 weeks of pregnancy

Briefly about what is happening to the baby we can say: growth and development. Most of the anatomical formations already exist and it is necessary to have time to develop them to such a level before childbirth that the child can live separately from the mother after childbirth.

Fetal weight and size (KTE)

The baby grew steadily for 14 weeks, and now his size is 80-115 mm. This giant weighs about 25 grams. Don't worry, it's not small! This fully corresponds to the development schedule invented by nature.

Fetal development

In addition to weight gain and height, there is an improvement in the structure of the fetus. He acquires new skills, his organs and systems become more perfect. At week 14 you can observe:

thyroid the baby begins to produce hormones;
testicles girls descend from the abdominal to the pelvic region;
boys continue to develop prostate;
baby active swallows amniotic fluid, distinguishing their taste. He gives preference to sweet taste. He spits out sour and bitter waters;
are functioning intestines and kidneys baby. They perform their direct functions of excreting unnecessary substances;
movement the fetus becomes more coordinated. It controls the direction, smoothness and purposefulness of movement of the limbs and head. The baby can do a lot. He touches himself freely with his hands, sucks his finger, and turns his head in response to stimulation. His facial expressions become varied - he frowns, squints, grimaces, draws his eyebrows together;
the fetus continues to train respiratory muscles. He makes movements that, after birth, will allow him to inhale and exhale air tirelessly;
cheeks and bridge of nose become more prominent;
tiny fluff - lanugo begins to cover the entire surface of the fetal body. It protects the skin from softening in the amniotic fluid, preventing the removal of waxy plaque. Later, by the time of birth, it will be replaced by hairs.

Is it possible to feel movements at 14 weeks and what are they?

The movements of a 25 gram fetus have a small amplitude. His limb strength is tiny. Therefore, they are completely hidden by amniotic fluid and extinguished by the membrane of the amniotic sac. They do not reach the surface of the uterus with its sensitive endings. Therefore, at 14 weeks it is impossible to feel fetal movements.

They are often mistaken for intestinal contractions (peristaltic waves). The organs of the abdominal cavity are actively compressed by the uterus and the processes occurring in them now become more noticeable. Therefore, by listening to the sensations in the abdomen at week 14, you can detect precisely the peristaltic wave.

What happens to the mother at 14 weeks of pregnancy

What is the danger of a frozen pregnancy?

At 14 weeks, fetal death may not manifest itself in any way. The woman has not yet felt any movements, so their absence does not cause concern. There may be no bloody discharge, as well as pain. The cessation of pain in the mammary glands and nausea may be associated with a favorable course of the second trimester. Dizziness and nausea - with a decrease in blood pressure. It's very easy to make a mistake! The presence of a dead fetus in the uterus leads to its negative effects on the body. First, intoxication begins, then the mother’s blood loses its ability to clot. This can lead to bleeding, loss of the uterus and death of the fetus. Therefore, if a frozen pregnancy is detected, it should be terminated as soon as possible.

By what signs can one suspect a frozen pregnancy?

A frozen pregnancy can end in miscarriage. In this case the following will be observed:

abdominal pain, which can be either nagging and intense or cramping;
bloody vaginal discharge, including brown, pink, bright red. Bleeding may be severe;
dizziness, loss of consciousness;
malaise, general weakness;
nausea, sudden loss of appetite, vomiting;
chills, increased body temperature, sweating.

Upon examination, a discrepancy between the size of the uterus and the level of fetal development and the gestational age may be detected. The absence of fetal heartbeat and movement on the ultrasound monitor also confirms the diagnosis.

What to do if your breasts stop hurting and did any of the above complaints appear? You should immediately consult a doctor for medical help. This will help, after completing this pregnancy and undergoing a course of therapy that eliminates the reasons for its termination, to subsequently give birth to a healthy baby and maintain your own health. Fading is the end of one pregnancy, but not the end of a life in which everything can still be realized.

By registering with the antenatal clinic, a woman receives recommendations on all aspects of life that affect the course of pregnancy.

Nutrition

As before, balanced, fractional meals significantly alleviate the symptoms of pregnancy and allow the baby to grow and develop in accordance with its needs. At week 14, the need for vitamin C increases. If the doctor recommended taking a complex that already includes this component, then there is no need to use it additionally. Vitamins must be entered into the body in doses. Exceeding the daily norm will not be beneficial. However, if they come only from food, then you need to slightly adjust your diet. You need to add foods rich in vitamin C to it:

rose hip. Vitamin C is found in its fruits. If you can eat fresh fruits, you can use them. If they are not available, you can use a decoction or syrup made from them. To preserve ascorbic acid in the decoction, it should not be boiled. After pouring boiling water over the fruits, they should be allowed to brew and drink instead of tea or water;
bell pepper Used in salads without the use of heat treatment, which destroys vitamin C. Red varieties contain more ascorbic acid and should be preferred when choosing products;
sea buckthorn and black currant. The fruits of these plants can be used raw. In this case, it is better to remove sea buckthorn from the seeds and use it with caution - it can provoke heartburn. If the fruits are used ground with sugar, then you should pay attention to the amount of carbohydrates consumed so as not to overeat;
dill, parsley, wild garlic. Can be actively added to salads, pastas, cold appetizers;
cabbage. Rich in vitamin C in raw form (in salads). However, the content of ascorbic acid in sauerkraut is higher. It should not be abused. However, by using cabbage in moderation, you can avoid problems with the gastrointestinal tract and get the necessary vitamin C;
strawberries, wild strawberries, sorrel. Used raw. Sorrel is best used occasionally due to its pronounced sour taste;
exotic fruits (oranges, tangerines, kiwis, lemons). They are recommended for use if they were frequent guests on a woman’s table before pregnancy. If previously she rarely consumed these fruits, it is worth paying attention to the usual fruits and vegetables.

Physical activity and sex

In the absence of contraindications, both physical exercise and sexual activity should be present in the life of a pregnant woman in sufficient quantities. This will help maintain the necessary physical shape at the time of childbirth and increase warm, trusting relationships in the couple.

14 weeks pregnant with twins

Multiple pregnancy is a greater burden on a woman's body. At 14 weeks this is not yet noticeable. Indicators of weight gain and abdominal volume differ slightly. The kids are still small. However, the doctor will recommend visiting him at least 10 days. This is a reasonable purpose. In multiple pregnancies, changes should be detected as early as possible. In this case, it will be possible to provide the necessary assistance in a timely manner.

The 14th week of pregnancy is the beginning of the second trimester. The figure of a pregnant woman is changing more and more. The baby's internal organs are improving.

Mom's feelings

At the 14th obstetric week (methods for calculating the period), toxicosis stops in most women. Even if weak echoes persist, it is quite easy to overcome the manifestations of toxicosis (as -).

Eating fads often persist. You may even remember that a year ago you tried a very tasty salad at some eatery and want to eat the same one. But in your situation, it’s better not to go to cafes and eateries. Prepare a similar dish yourself - perhaps your family will like it too.

Some smells may still be offensive. But drowsiness no longer bothers you if you have the right daily routine. You are calm, but not at all inhibited. It’s just that control over emotions is gradually returning.

External changes

With the beginning of the second trimester, the tummy becomes rounded, rises higher and becomes more noticeable. Thin mothers, lying on the sofa and placing their hand on their stomach, can feel a solid lump under their palm. This is the uterus.

Photos of bellies:

The center of gravity of your body shifts quite a bit. The back leans slightly back, so it balances the increase in mass in the abdominal area, and the lumbar deflection increases. Because of this, the gait changes barely noticeably. So far, she doesn’t look like that “duckling” step, waddling, which will appear in the later stages.

The breasts have already grown noticeably, sometimes by one size. Yellowish translucent droplets may be released from the nipples. The breasts train in producing colostrum, which will become the baby’s first nutrition after birth. There is no need to express yourself - this causes increased fluid outflow and uterine contractions.

The weight gain in the fourteenth week should be about 400 grams.

Changes can also be unpleasant:

gums become bleeding, this is especially noticeable when brushing your teeth;
problems with teeth appear (sensitivity, fragility);
when combing, hair falls out more than before, the strands are dry, the ends split;
excess weight appears.

You don’t need such changes, so consult your doctors. Specialists will adjust your diet, prescribe vitamins, and give advice on choosing shampoo and toothpaste.

Complications

During the day you can be in different states. Some of them are the norm. Tell your doctor if you have any concerns. He will check, explain this or that phenomenon, and give recommendations.

Note to moms!

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The load on your back is constantly increasing, which can lead to pain. Most often they are weak and go away if you simply change your body position.
The headache can be quite severe, sometimes with intolerance to bright light and strong sounds.
White or clear vaginal discharge without a strong odor indicates your good health. If the mucus is yellow, smells bad, or clumps (like cottage cheese), get checked for bacterial infections. Some (for example, thrush) can occur in the body on their own due to weakened immunity.
Bloody, brown discharge in rare cases indicates cervical erosion. Such discharge in combination with severe, cramping pain in the abdomen and lower back indicates a risk of fetal death. If this happens against the background of uterine contractions, a miscarriage will occur. When the dead fetus remains in the uterine cavity, doctors diagnose “frozen pregnancy,” and labor will have to be induced artificially.
Sometimes quite a lot of new moles or warts appear on the body of pregnant women. If they don't grow or get in the way, it's not a problem. Warts on the genitals or near the anus can be a nuisance. Your doctor will tell you how to safely remove such tumors.
During examination, a gynecologist may detect excessive shortening of the cervix. He may recommend installing a special ring that will prevent the cervix from opening prematurely.
It is important to prevent anemia (anemia), as this often leads to circulatory disorders, placental insufficiency and problems with fetal development.

Observations from a doctor

With timely registration, no routine examinations are required in the fourteenth week. The doctor will give directions for tests or prescribe an ultrasound scan only if absolutely necessary. During ultrasound examinations of pregnant women, the question is often asked: is it a boy or a girl? At 14 weeks of pregnancy, it is still very difficult to determine the sex of the child.

Ultrasound photo:

Due to the general sensitivity of the gastrointestinal tract, pregnant women are more susceptible to food poisoning. Nausea and vomiting resemble toxicosis, but with intoxication, diarrhea, abdominal pain appear, and the temperature may rise. Smecta or activated carbon will help remove toxins.

Colds in pregnant women cannot be treated with conventional medications like aspirin, so even with a slight runny nose, sore throat and relatively low temperature, call a doctor and take a sick leave to rest and fully recover.

What's happening to the baby

The organs and systems of the fetus are actively growing and improving. If the mother eats properly, walks and rests as much as necessary, the baby feels good, he is active and does not experience discomfort.

The tiny face frowns, grimaces, the lips can stretch into a smile.
The fetal head circumference is approximately 26-28 mm.
The baby floats freely in the amniotic fluid and moves its limbs. Having touched the wall of the amniotic sac with its legs, it can push off.
The chest rises and falls from time to time, as if breathing.
The baby's skin is covered with a special lubricant that prevents the fetus from literally getting wet through.
The child’s blood has not yet fully acquired its full biochemical composition, but the Rh factor has already been determined.
The neck muscles have become a little stronger, the head no longer drops to the chest.
The child distinguishes sounds from the outside, although muffled.
If a mother is worried, afraid of something, or especially happy, the hormones that are produced in her blood also enter the baby’s blood. At the same time, the fetal heart begins to beat faster.
Sweat glands are formed.
The process of hematopoiesis starts in the spinal cord.
Ossification of the skeleton continues.
The light fluff on the head becomes a little coarser to later form into hair.
The ears take on their final shape.

This is interesting. Sometimes you can come across the opinion that the fetal facial expression reflects its emotions, and the baby’s somersaults are a deliberate action. In fact, all movements of the fetus are reflexive, unconscious. Motor coordination will continue to develop for many weeks and months after the baby is born..

Photo of the fetus:

The main nutritional need now is increased protein nutrition. The diet should include more lean meat, fatty fish and legumes.
If you still have a problem with constipation, do not forget about prunes and dried apricots.
In case of sudden hunger or thirst, always carry a small “emergency supply” with you.
Try not to eat canned foods, smoked foods, and fatty foods.
Steam everything you can. Baked dishes are in second place, and boiled ones are in third place. It is better to avoid fried foods.
Alcohol and nicotine are prohibited under any circumstances, even at the wedding of a beloved friend.
Stop wearing heels, high wedges and platforms anymore.
Do exercises for pregnant women every day; if possible, go to yoga, special fitness, or to the pool.
If you have time and desire, go to courses for parents (together with the child’s father).
On public transport, do not hesitate to say that you are pregnant and ask to give you a seat.
If you are a “car mom,” have a small pillow for your lower back in the car. You need to sit straight behind the wheel without moving your knees. Every time, check how comfortably you are fastened. You can purchase special seat belts for pregnant women. Never direct the air flow in your direction or create drafts in the cabin.
Read books about motherhood, caring for a newborn, and raising children.
Sexual life is not prohibited if there are no restrictions for health reasons, and your well-being allows or even requires it.

It is important. Do not perceive recommendations as a burden or a restriction of your freedom. Pregnancy should bring joy. You can always give yourself a little indulgence and eat a slice of smoked sausage, skip your morning exercises and watch your favorite movie, even if it makes you worry and cry. The main thing is that the general background of your life is favorable and healthy.

Participation of the child's father

Men approach their upcoming fatherhood differently. Some are busy with work and are only casually interested in the health and condition of the expectant mother. Others get annoyed by the “pregnant” whims. There are very caring, attentive fathers, and this is the best option. It’s worse when concern turns into a commanding tone and all kinds of prohibitions.

Even if the pregnancy was planned and long-awaited, the child's father may not be 100% prepared for everything that happens over the next many months. Harmony and mutual understanding in the family will certainly help future parents overcome possible stress and problems. If they noticeably worsen or deteriorate, a joint consultation with a psychologist would not hurt.

The 14th week of pregnancy in general is the beginning of the calmest period of pregnancy. The problems of the first trimester are left behind, the happiness of imminent motherhood is felt to the fullest.

Visible guide: 14th week of pregnancy, sensations in the abdomen, what is happening, the size of the fetus, pulling in the lower abdomen

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