Treatment of urethritis in women. Urethritis in women - symptoms and treatment. Causes of the disease

Urethritis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the walls of the urethra.

Urethritis itself (as an independent disease) is more common in males. Women, along with inflammation of the urethra, also acquire inflammation of the bladder.

As soon as you suspect you have symptoms of urethritis, do not hesitate to consult a doctor. This disease can be caused by bacteria and viruses, the activity of which can subsequently lead to complications.

Most often, the disease occurs against the background of other diseases of the genitourinary system or pelvic organs; moreover, due to the structural features of the female urinary system, cystitis often develops almost simultaneously with urethritis. Therefore, every woman should know the symptoms and treatment of this disease.

Causes

What it is? Causes of urethritis include bacteria, fungi, and in some cases viruses such as herpes simplex virus. Although the disease usually affects only the urethra, in some cases the vagina, fallopian tubes, uterus and ovaries can also be affected. The bacterium E.Coli, which causes urinary tract infections, can also cause urethritis.

Here are some situations or diseases that can cause this condition in women:

1. : Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the organism that causes gonorrhea, can move up the female urethra during sex with an infected partner.
2. and herpes simplex are also common sexually transmitted diseases that can lead to this disease.
3. Insufficient hygiene: Poor vaginal hygiene can also cause problems. However, you should refrain from using strong-smelling soaps and perfumes in this area.

Forms of the disease

Depending on the cause, urethritis in women is divided into infectious and non-infectious. Infectious urethritis, in turn, comes in several types:

• nonspecific - most often caused by Escherichia coli, streptococci or staphylococci and occurs as a classic purulent inflammation;
• specific - represents one of the symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases (mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, candidiasis);
• viral – caused by the herpes simplex virus or human papillomavirus (HPV).

According to the duration of its course, urethritis in women is divided into acute and chronic.

Signs of urethritis

The first signs of urethritis in women include:

1. Discharge from the urethra(the nature of the discharge depends on the pathogen; most often, greenish or white-yellow or bloody discharge with an unpleasant odor is observed).
2. Lower abdominal pain– it is constant, of low intensity.
3. Burning (itching) in the area of ​​the urethra, redness of the outlet of the urethra.

Most often, symptoms of urethritis in women appear several hours or days after sexual intercourse.

Symptoms of urethritis in women

In acute urethritis, characteristic symptoms in women are burning,. In some cases, there may be purulent discharge from the urethral opening.

In the future, pain and swelling become less pronounced, and the discharge may stop. Urine is usually clear with isolated purulent threads.

In most cases, the acute form of urethritis is accompanied by a frequent uncontrollable urge to urinate, as well as noticeable pain at the end of it.

Common symptoms of urethritis in women:

1. In acute urethritis, both men and women experience decreased appetite and weakness.
2. Subacute is characterized by a decrease in swelling and pain, discharge becomes less abundant or stops completely. Crusts may appear from the urethra in the morning.
3. If there is Trichomonas urethritis in women, symptoms develop several weeks after infection, while about a third of cases of the disease occur without specific manifestations. The disease is characterized by itching and a burning sensation in the urethra, as well as in the area of ​​the external genitalia. Chronitization of Trichomonas urethritis leads to the disappearance of symptoms.
4. With insufficiently effective treatment, urethritis can provoke chronic development: complaints are usually associated with neurotic phenomena. Most often these are small secretions from the urethra, which increase under the influence of provoking causes: alcohol consumption, hypothermia, sexual arousal. Symptoms of chronic urethritis often resemble clinical manifestations of torpid urethritis.
5. Candidal urethritis when the urethra is affected by yeast fungi. It is accompanied by mild symptoms: minor discomfort in the lower abdomen, itching in the urethra.

If urethritis in women is not treated in a timely manner or the treatment was prescribed incorrectly, the disease may become chronic, in which case it will be much more difficult to treat the disease.

Chronic urethritis

It is accompanied by periodic pain during urination and sharp pain in the lower abdomen that occurs from time to time. Acute symptoms of inflammation of the urethra in women disappear within 2-2.5 weeks. This does not mean that the disease has disappeared. On the contrary, this is a reason to go to a specialist to start treatment, before the pathogens penetrate much deeper during the “dormant” stage.

The most common causes of this type of disease are local and general hypothermia, excessive alcohol consumption and frequent sexual intercourse.

Complications

If you do not consult a doctor in a timely manner and the illness becomes chronic, complications of urethritis occur. The most serious complication is considered to be a condition in which the urethra (urethra) burns and hurts, and it is impossible to eliminate the pain by any means.

Another disease of the urethra in women can cause complications on the bladder and kidneys: provoke cystitis or pyelonephritis, transform into purulent urethritis in women. When the form is advanced, a urethral cyst may form, narrow it, or restrict the urinary tract.

Treatment of urethritis in women

In the case of uncomplicated urethritis, treatment does not require hospitalization and occurs at home. A woman must strictly follow the doctor’s instructions and periodically visit the clinic to monitor the progress of therapy.

Depending on the symptoms of urethritis, appropriate treatment is prescribed; it will depend on the pathogen.

During therapy you should:

• avoid hypothermia;
• abstain from sexual intercourse (even with a condom) until complete recovery;
• strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene.

In most cases, treatment of urethritis in women is limited to a course of antibiotics; they actively fight the causative agent of the disease, which was found during culture.

How to treat urethritis in women can be divided into 3 main points:

1. The use of complex actions aimed at restoring the properties of the walls of the urethra. This action is of particular importance when diagnosing complex forms of the disease, when inflammation is no longer directly related to infection.
2. Restoration of vaginal microflora. Urethritis will return again and again until the infection of the urethra by certain microorganisms from the vagina stops. There is one way to break this vicious circle - to populate the vagina with microorganisms that should be there. This action is selected individually for each patient.
3. Working to restore the immune system. With long-term treatment and inflammation of the urethra, the immunity of both the body as a whole and the wall of the urethra often suffers. Just as in the previous paragraph, an individual course of restoring the immune system is prescribed. Therefore, weak immunomodulators will not give anything without additional actions and medications.

Drug therapy depends on the diagnosed form of urethritis:

At the end of this course of treatment, in most cases, all symptoms and pain disappear, but there are rare cases when traditional treatment does not help. This usually happens with advanced forms of urethritis, when the infection is no longer present, but the symptoms remain.

Diet should become an obligatory component of treatment - salty and spicy foods, marinades and smoked foods are excluded from the diet, drinking plenty of fluids and following a dairy-vegetable diet during the acute stage (exacerbation of chronic inflammation) are recommended.

During this period, it is important to reduce physical activity, eliminate alcoholic beverages, smoking and hypothermia, and limit sexual contact.

Drugs for the treatment of urethritis

Now a few words about how to treat urethritis in women, and what drugs are considered the most effective in the fight against this unpleasant disease. In the treatment of inflammatory lesions of the urethra, the following groups of medications are used:

1. Antibiotics are a must to help fight infection. Their use is possible only after a series of tests that determine the sensitivity of the infection to certain antibiotic drugs. By taking a general antibiotic without first identifying the pathogen, in some cases you may not achieve the effect of treatment.
2. Special antiseptic sitz baths, which will additionally help neutralize the infection.
3. Physiotherapy, which involves the use of electrophoresis on areas of the disease, heating applications.
4. Tampons treated with medicinal ointments that are inserted into the vagina.
5. All kinds of drugs that stimulate and support the immune system - immunomodulators, immunostimulants.
6. The vitamin complex will also help the body cope with urethritis.

Along with drug treatment, physiotherapeutic procedures are prescribed (vaginal or pubic electrophoresis with Furadonin solution, diadynamic therapy for the lumbosacral area). To increase immunity, immunomodulators and multivitamins are used.

Prevention

Prevention of urethritis in women includes the following measures:

• hormone replacement therapy for menopausal disorders;
• avoidance of physical and mental stress;
• careful adherence to personal hygiene rules;
• avoiding hypothermia;
• prevention of induced abortion;
• regular sex life with a regular partner, refusal of casual sex;
• preventive examinations by a gynecologist at least 2 times a year (more often if indicated).

Forecast

With timely detection and active treatment, urethritis in women usually ends in recovery. The transition of the disease to a chronic form may be accompanied by the development of complications, which worsens the prognosis.

Contrary to popular belief, urethritis is not only a male disease. It is equally widespread in both sexes, but in men it is diagnosed more often, along with prostatitis. This is explained by the fact that in women the symptoms are mild or completely absent. Unfortunately, this aggravates the disease, since strong signs are already observed in a fairly advanced, most often chronic stage. Urethritis is almost always associated with some kind of inflammatory and infectious disease of the genitourinary system. Of course, it is best to consult a doctor at the slightest suspicion or discomfort.

With urethritis, the walls of the urethra (urethra) become inflamed. In women it is only 1 or 2 centimeters in length, but quite wide. You can look at a schematic photo on the Internet to better understand its appearance. The anatomical structure determines the ease of penetration of pathogens into the bladder and the absence of disturbances in the outflow of urine with significant swelling of the urethral mucosa. The disease occurs in close proximity to the rectal passage, which can cause the spread of infections and the occurrence of intestinal diseases.

Of course, urethritis is not a fatal disease, but it causes very unpleasant sensations that interfere with comfortable life. It is also dangerous for health complications. In women, two diseases often occur in parallel - cystitis and urethritis. Cystitis is the simplest complication of urethritis. Therefore, its treatment must be complete and timely - if the inflammatory process is started, an infection can develop, the complications of which are difficult to treat and are extremely dangerous.

Medicines for urethritis in women should have analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects. It is not recommended to choose a treatment on your own, because incorrect treatment will cause irreparable harm in the form of the development of resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to the drug. In addition, you cannot independently guess the causative agent of inflammation that caused urethritis. Doctors, knowing the peculiarities of the clinical course of the disease, rely on the results of urine tests. Only after them can you select effective pills for urethritis in women.

They have anti-inflammatory properties:

• antibiotics;
• sulfonamides;
• nitrofurans.

The doctor may prescribe the drug in the form of vaginal suppositories, tablets, solution for installing applications and ointments. The choice of medication depends on the type of disease and the severity of clinical manifestations.

How is an antibiotic chosen?

The group of these agents includes natural substances (waste products of plants, bacteria and animals) and their synthetic analogues that kill or disrupt the persistence of infectious particles. The results of sensitivity and flora tests are obtained in about a week. At this time, the doctor needs to prescribe a drug that will alleviate the patient’s condition. Usually a broad-spectrum antibiotic is prescribed that affects several types of infections at once.

Similar drugs include:

• Tetracycline and analogues;
• cephalosporins;
• macrolides.

Drug class names are related to their chemical structure. Aminocephalosporic acid serves as the basis for the synthesis of cephalosporins. They have a strong effect because they inhibit enzymes that produce resistance to penicillin. Cephalosporins are divided into four generations according to the breadth of their damage. Among the drugs in this group there are narrowly targeted drugs that kill staphylococci:

• Cephalothin;
• Cefazolin;
• Cephalexin.

Antibiotics acting on a variety of flora, including Proteus, streptococci and gonococci - third and fourth generation cephalosporins:

• Ceftriaxone;
• Cefixime;
• Ceftazidime;
• Cefotaxime;
• Cefoperazone;
• Cefepime;
• Ceftibuten;
• Cefpirom.

The tetracycline group contains antibiotics that can suppress protein production in the microbial cell. This effect of drugs is called bacteriostatic. They stop metabolic processes in the microbe, which then weakens its pathogenic properties and gradually dies out. Urethral pathogens streptococci and staphylococci are sensitive to this, but they do not affect enterococci and Proteus. The most well-known means are:

• Doxycycline;
• Tetracycline hydrochloride.

Available in creams and gels:

• Methyluracil;
• Hexicon.

Doctors have combination drugs of antifungals and antibiotics at their disposal. The combination of cephalosporins and tetracyclines reduces their effectiveness. Having a bacteriostatic effect, macrolides inhibit the proliferation of microorganisms. They destroy specific pathogens:

The group of azalides (macrolides) includes:

• Josamycin;
• Azithromycin;
• Erythromycin;
• Clarithromycin.

Almost all of these drugs are contraindicated for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as they have a toxic effect on the development of the child and fetus. It is not easy for a specialist to choose a drug. You should also take into account that antibiotics do not combine well with alcohol, which significantly reduces their activity.

Other anti-inflammatory drugs

Before antibiotics, sulfonamides were used. These drugs are synthesized on the basis of white streptocide (sulfonic acid) and act on chlamydia, bacteria and other microorganisms. For urethritis, medications are prescribed that are excreted in the urine and are less toxic to the kidneys. Such means include:

• Etazol;
• Urosulfan;

• Furacilin (Nitrofural);
• Furazolidone;
• Furazidin (Furagin).

Bactrim creates a concentration in the urine sufficient for a therapeutic effect. In practice, combination drugs are more often used, such as:

• Co-trimoxazole (Biseptol, Bactrim), which contains Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim;
• Sulfatone, which consists of Trimethoprim + Sulfamonomethoxin;

The combination of drugs provides a broader and more effective effect.

The nitrofuran group blocks microbial enzymes responsible for respiration. They are used as a local treatment (douching, washing, baths and vaginal tampons). Convenient to use:

• Furacilin (Nitrofural);
• Furazolidone;
• Furazidin (Furagin).

The solutions do not lose activity during purulent discharge from the urethra. Furagin and Furadonin are often used for urinary tract infections. They are excreted along with urine and due to this they create a large concentration of the drug in the urethra. They also have negative side effects - they cause vomiting and nausea. Doctors also sometimes advise injecting sea buckthorn or rosehip oil into the affected urethra.

Fluoroquinolones block DNA synthesis in microbial cells. The maximum effect is on gram-negative bacteria. They are used with positive results for urethritis that is resistant to other drugs. New agents have increased activity:

• Ciprofloxacin;
• Pefloxacin;
• Ofloxacin;
• Fleroxacin;
• Norfloxacin;
• Lomefloxacin.

Also, the group of fluoroquinolones includes drugs such as:

• Nevigramon;
• Gramurin;
• Negroes;
• oxolinic acid.

Treatment of specific urethritis

If the patient has pathogens that are specific (gonococci, fungi, chlamydia, mycoplasma, trichomonas) and obtained through sexual contact, then special means are used, such as:

• Fluconazole;
• Nystatin;
• Lamisil.

For urethritis of gonorrheal etiology, certain types of antibiotics are effective. To get rid of Trichomonas the following are prescribed:

• Flagyl;
• Tinidazole;
• Trichopolum;
• Tiberal.

Chlamydia is treated with a combination of corticosteroids and an antibacterial drug such as Prednisolone and Dexamethasone. Only such treatment can prevent recurrence of infection. For herpetic type urethritis, the patient is treated with antiviral drugs:

• Famciclovir;
• Acyclovir;
• Valacyclovir.

When choosing a treatment for urethritis, one has to monitor the clinical course, inflammation of the urethra and vagina. It is important to take medications and injections for severe symptoms. It is also necessary to use local forms of therapy, such as: douching with a special disinfectant solution, vaginal suppositories and baths.

Suppositories for urethritis for women:

• antibacterial drugs such as Nystatin and Hexicon;
• agents that activate local immunity: Viferon and Genferon;
• probiotics that restore bacterial flora: Gynoflor and Acyclate.

Antiseptics differ from synthetic drugs in that they are distributed throughout the body through the bloodstream to “strike” pathogenic cells and act exclusively on the surface of the vagina and urethra. Urologists recommend the following drugs for the treatment of urethritis in women, prepared in the form of solutions:

• Diclofenac;
• Protargol;
• Collargol;
• Chlorhexidine.

Treatment of female urethritis using folk recipes enhances the effect of anti-inflammatory drugs and is recommended by doctors during recovery and after eliminating acute symptoms of the disease, to consolidate the therapeutic effect. However, as an independent remedy it is ineffective.

The most recognized method is decoctions from plants, which are added to boiled water for douching, baths and wetting tampons. The raw material is brewed in a thermos overnight and consumed during the day after filtering. Herbs that are used for urethritis have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. Some berries and plants are natural diuretics. They “cleanse” a woman’s urethra and remove microorganisms along with urine. Let's consider widely known means:

• corn silk;
• thuja shoots;

Cranberry is a wonderful natural healer; it contains large quantities of active ingredients that help fight foreign microorganisms. According to the composition of vitamins, cranberries are indispensable in restoring immunity. It keeps well fresh and does not lose its properties when frozen. Has a diuretic effect. For urethritis, cranberries are consumed in the form of berries, juice, fruit drinks and along with honey.

All of the above examples of natural remedies require use for at least a week, preferably ten days. You can also use:

• corn silk;
• thuja shoots;
• leaves of black currant, lingonberry and mint.

Treatment of female urethritis greatly complicates pregnancy. Antibacterial agents have many contraindications. It is especially necessary to carefully monitor the urinary tract in the first trimester. Obstetricians use topical treatments and herbal anti-inflammatory drugs. The list of products, patterns of use and prices for them is quite wide. Specific medications must be prescribed by a doctor. The drugs listed in the article are tested and recommended by doctors, they have excellent reviews.

A woman at any age needs to take care of her health. Susceptibility to infection by pathogenic flora during menopause requires immune support and prevention using home folk remedies. Only under this condition will you achieve a complete cure. The doctor will advise you on the most suitable protection options. On the forums you can find useful recipes and see reviews of various drugs.

Burning sensation and discomfort when urinating in women may indicate inflammation of the urethra. The woman's urethra is susceptible to various types of infections and irritations. This is explained by its anatomical location between the vagina and anus, which are potentially dangerous due to the possibility of penetration of pathogenic bacteria into the external opening of the urethra. There are other reasons for the development of urethritis associated with mechanical irritation, allergies, viruses, and fungal infections.

What is urethritis in women

The urethra (synonym: urethra) is an organ with the function of removing fluid from the bladder into the external environment. It is a single tube through which both women and men urinate.

The urethra is a tubular organ that connects the bladder to the external environment

At any age, for various reasons, inflammation of the urethra, or urethritis, can develop. This fact applies to both sexes. However, women are at increased risk, which is due to the structural features of the genitourinary system of the fair sex. The female urethra is located in the pelvic area between the pubis and the vagina, its external opening extends into the area of ​​the vestibule of the vagina behind the clitoris. Anatomically, the organ is wider and shorter (about 4 cm) than in men (equal to the length of the penis), which means that bacteria penetrate the woman’s urethra more easily and quickly.

Female urethritis is most often caused by bacterial pathogens and causes painful urination and frequent trips to the toilet. However, urethritis should not be equated with a urinary tract infection. Doctors differentiate these conditions, even though they may have similar symptoms. The treatment approach differs and depends on the underlying cause of inflammation.

Types of disease and causes of infection

The main role in the development of inflammation of the urethra belongs to various types of infections; less likely causes include mechanical irritation or other non-infectious factors. Thus, urethritis comes in two main types:

• infectious, which is caused by a certain type of pathogen (bacterial or viral);
• non-infectious, which is not associated with a specific pathogen.

Infectious urethritis is further divided into two large groups:

• gonococcal, which develops as a result of infection with a bacterium that causes gonorrhea (about 20% of cases);
• non-gonococcal, which is caused by other pathogens (chlamydia, trichomonas, mycoplasma, candidal fungus, herpes or papilloma viruses, cytomegalovirus).

When urethritis has a set of symptoms characteristic of a certain type of pathogen, then such inflammation is called specific for this type of pathogen. Nonspecific infectious urethritis occurs as a classic inflammatory reaction characteristic of the body as a response to most types of infectious pathogens.

Non-infectious inflammation may be due to the following reasons:

Sometimes patients have a combination of several causes for inflammation.

Infection of the urinary canal occurs in one of two ways: as a result of sexual intercourse with an infected person (sexual route) or from any source of chronic inflammation in the body through the bloodstream (hematogenous route). Such foci may include purulent tonsils, inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, and caries.

Newly developed urethritis is classified as acute inflammation. If, after successful recovery, the disease recurs 2–3 months later, this indicates a chronic course of the inflammatory process.

Risk factors

Additionally, various conditions that negatively affect or have a noticeable burden on the immune system contribute to the development of urethral infections. These conditions include:

• postoperative period;
• chronic or recent acute illnesses;
• poor diet;
• violations of intimate hygiene rules (untimely/improper washing);
• pregnancy;
• hypothermia;
• chronic stress;
• alcohol abuse.

Symptoms of inflammation

Female urethritis is not characterized by severe symptoms. Specific manifestations occur rarely. The incubation period can range from 1 day to several weeks after infection. During this time, there are no signs of inflammation. The following general signs and symptoms may gradually appear:

• increased number of urinations;
• discomfort when going to the toilet;
• burning or irritation in the urethra;
• unusual vaginal discharge;
• purulent discharge or impurity (in advanced forms of the disease);
• elevated temperature;
• pain in the lower abdomen.

Non-infectious urethritis does not cause fever, pain in the lower back or lower abdomen, or traces of blood in the urine. Such symptoms indicate the presence of an infection, which means that it is necessary to consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

In approximately half of the cases, women have no symptoms at all, especially if the causative agent is chlamydia or mycoplasma. The asymptomatic course of the disease is dangerous because the patient is a spreader of the infection, and in addition, she herself is in a situation that threatens complications against the background of apparent well-being.

For this reason, it is important to get tested regularly. It will accurately indicate the presence or absence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

How is urethritis diagnosed?

Diagnosis of the disease in women, as in men, is carried out by a urologist. An initial medical examination may reveal an increase in size and redness of the external opening of the urethra and the surrounding area. Touching the inflamed area is painful and unpleasant.

The set of mandatory tests includes:

1. Clinical (general) analysis of urine and blood.
2. Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko is a special test that determines the number of leukocytes and red blood cells in 1 ml of urine; used to identify inflammatory processes in the urinary system.
3. Urine culture and pathogen sensitivity test to antibiotics - an analysis to identify a possible causative agent of infectious inflammation and determine its sensitivity to different types of antibacterial drugs. It is carried out by culturing urine on special nutrient media. The result must be expected within 4 weeks, sometimes longer. May include a test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Koch's bacillus) of the genitourinary system.
4. Urethral smear - collection of biomaterial from the area of ​​inflammation for further research using PCR diagnostics. This modern method is highly accurate because it is based on the study of DNA or RNA molecules that any virus or pathogenic microorganism contains.

Instrumental diagnostic methods are represented primarily by urethroscopy. The examination is carried out using an endoscopic device in the form of a tube with an optical device, which is inserted into the urethra to examine the internal surface of the organ. At the same time, the doctor has the opportunity to collect biological material for analysis. Ultrasound diagnostics makes it possible to assess the overall picture of the condition of the pelvic organs.

The final differential diagnosis is carried out by a specialist based on test results, since even specific symptoms do not give a clear answer to the question about the type of pathogen. The correct prescription of therapy directly depends on the accuracy of the diagnosis.

Differential diagnosis of types of infectious urethritis - table

Features of treatment of different types of urethritis

Antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment for infectious inflammation of the urethra. In some cases, antiviral or antifungal agents are used, depending on the diagnosis. The drug is selected based on the specific type of pathogen. The course of treatment takes place at home and takes about a week. The tablet form of drugs is mainly used, less often antimicrobial ointments, topical creams, and antiseptic solutions are used. Hospitalization may be necessary in rare complicated cases.

Drug therapy

Nonspecific inflammation is treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, these include drugs from the following groups:

• cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin, Cefotaxime);
• sulfonamides (Urosulfan, Sulfazol);
• macrolides (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin);
• fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, Clinafloxacin, Oflosacin).

The gonococcal type of inflammation is treated with antibacterial drugs that are active against the causative agent of gonorrhea - Neisseria gonorrhoea. These include:

• antibiotics of the cephalosporin group (Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime, Cefacor);
• combination antimicrobial drugs (Oletetrin);
• aminocyclitol antibiotics (Spectinomycin);
• anti-tuberculosis antibiotic active against gram-positive and gram-negative cocci (Rifampicin);
• macrolides (Erythromycin).

If it is determined that the causative pathogen is chlamydia or mycoplasma, then the drugs of choice are:

• tetracyclines (Tetracycline, Doxycycline);
• macrolides (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin);
• fluoroquinolones (Oflosacin, Clinafloxacin).

Trichomoniasis, as one of the causes of urethritis, is treated with the antimicrobial agents Trichopolum (Metronidazole) or Ornidazole, as well as a nitroimidazole antibiotic called Nimorazole. Local antiseptics and anti-inflammatory drugs can be used in combination with therapy:

• Benzydamine;
• Chlorhexidine;
• Iodovidone (suppositories).

Antimycotic drugs, such as Clotrimazole, Nystatin, Levorin, are used for the inflammatory process caused by candida fungus. Clotrimazole is used topically in the form of an ointment, as well as in the form of tablets for oral administration.

Viral urethritis is treated with antiviral agents, which may include:

• Acyclovir;
• Ribavirin;
• Penciclovir.

If the drug is chosen correctly, the first improvements can be observed 1–2 days after the start of therapy. If the disappearance of symptoms occurs before the course of treatment prescribed by the doctor is completed, it is necessary to take the medicine for as many days as recommended by the specialist, otherwise the infection may recur with renewed vigor.

If urethritis is associated with a sexually transmitted disease, then the patient’s sexual partner must undergo diagnostics and, if necessary, treatment. Sexual activity can be resumed no earlier than 1 week after both partners have fully recovered.

Treatment of the chronic form

A protracted or recurrent course of the disease requires an integrated approach to treatment with a multifaceted effect on the source of inflammation. This approach includes not only systemic antibacterial therapy, but also local antiseptic treatment with solutions (for example, Chlorhexidine) or anti-inflammatory ointments (Cycloferon, Viferon), which have additional immunomodulatory and antiviral effects. Therapy includes taking multivitamin complexes and drugs to increase the body's immune forces (for example, based on Echinacea purpurea), taking probiotics and hepatoprotectors (in the treatment of chlamydia).

For chronic urethritis of gonococcal origin, drip infusions of liquid medications (antibiotic solutions) are performed into the opening of the urethra. In the presence of strictures (narrowing of the lumen of the canal), instillation of colloidal silver into the urethra is used, as well as the bougienage procedure - the introduction of a hard or soft metal rod (bougie) into the cavity of the canal in order to expand it. In this case, the diameter of the rod is gradually increased to a given size.

If chronic urethritis is caused by the mechanical impact of the catheter or other injury, then the decision to prescribe antibiotic therapy to prevent infection is made by the doctor. Sometimes a course of antihistamines (antiallergic) drugs is indicated, the action of which relieves swelling and irritation.

Diet

1. Caffeinated drinks and sweets such as coffee, tea, Coca-Cola, chocolate. It is better to reduce or eliminate these drinks as much as possible, replacing them with bottled drinking water.
2. Fruits and vegetables rich in natural acids, such as citrus fruits: lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruit, tomatoes. It is necessary to limit only temporarily until recovery occurs.
3. Spicy dishes and products, for example, horseradish, mustard, hot peppers, barbecue sauce, spicy snacks (chips, croutons, crackers).
4. Alcoholic drinks. It is advisable to exclude it completely for the entire period of treatment.

It is beneficial to consume freshly squeezed carrot juice mixed in equal proportions with apple or celery juice, which is a recognized remedy for the symptoms of urethritis.

Recipes of traditional healers

Some well-proven traditional methods of treatment can be used as part of complex therapy if the attending physician approves of such actions. Effective folk methods are easy to use and not dangerous in terms of side effects, they include:

1. Baths or lotions with essential oils. Add a few drops of essential oil of cypress, pine (which is especially useful), or parsley to clean, cool water and rinse the external opening of the urethra with it. You can also moisten a clean soft cloth, towel or cotton wool with water and apply it to the inflamed area for a few minutes. This remedy has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiseptic effects. It can be used as needed.
2. Cranberry juice. The most effective remedy for inflammation and urinary tract infections. Cranberries stimulate the production of hippuric acid in the urine, which inhibits the growth of bacteria that cause urethritis. It also prevents the attachment of pathogenic microorganisms to the mucous membrane of the urinary tract. To prepare the medicine, squeeze the juice from washed fresh berries. The resulting concentrate is mixed half and half with boiled water. If desired, add honey to taste. Take 2-3 glasses of fruit juice per day. In some people, cranberries may cause a hypersensitivity reaction such as a rash or digestive upset. In this case, treatment with this drug is stopped.
3. Soda solution. A common problem with urethritis is urine, which irritates the mucous membrane of the urinary tract and causes a burning sensation when going to the toilet. To neutralize excess acid in urine, people use a solution of soda orally. The therapeutic effect of sodium bicarbonate is expressed not only in the more gentle effect of alkaline urine on the walls of the urethra, but also in the fact that the alkaline environment ensures the natural death of harmful microbes. To prepare the solution, pour 1 teaspoon of soda into 250 ml of hot drinking water. An effervescent reaction occurs. You need to wait until the solution cools down a little and drink in small sips. Take 1–2 glasses of solution per day.

Traditional treatment of urethritis - gallery

Cypress oil helps relieve burning and discomfort from urethritis Cranberry juice prevents the proliferation of bacteria in the urinary tract Baking soda is an excellent remedy for alkalinizing urine.

Treatment prognosis and possible complications

The disease is most often treated effectively and quickly if the infection has not spread to other organs of the urinary system. In advanced cases, when the bladder or kidneys are involved, treatment is much longer, and complications are potentially dangerous to health.

Sexually transmitted diseases, common causes of inflammation of the urethra, threaten women with the development of chronic inflammation of the reproductive organs and potential infertility. Other complications include chronic pain in the lower abdomen and discomfort during sexual intercourse. Women with untreated sexually transmitted infections are more susceptible to ectopic pregnancy, which carries a serious risk to life.

Preventive measures

Most pathogens that cause inflammation of the urethra are transmitted through sexual contact. Therefore, precautions related to sexual intercourse help to prevent unwanted consequences to a large extent. A few simple rules below will help protect yourself from contracting STIs and their consequences in the form of urethritis:

1. Avoid sexual relations with multiple partners at the same time.
2. Use condoms during sexual intercourse with a casual or non-regular partner.
3. Regularly undergo a medical examination and take the necessary tests.
4. If you become aware that you are infected with an STI, be sure to inform your loved ones who are in close contact with you so that they can take protective measures regarding their health.
5. Remove wet swimsuits or swimming trunks immediately after swimming.
6. Avoid sitting on extremely cold or hot surfaces.

Other methods of prevention include drinking enough fluids, preferably clean drinking water. This technique will speed up the process of urine production. This way the infection will be washed out of the body naturally. It is not recommended to abuse foods and drinks that irritate the urinary tract, as well as use cosmetics for intimate areas (sprays, lubricants, etc.) that irritate the mucous membranes or cause allergies.

Causes and symptoms of urethritis: video

Urethritis is a common infection that can be successfully treated and rarely causes complications. You should not ignore any symptoms of discomfort during urination, as well as the presence of unusual discharge, in order to prevent the disease from becoming chronic, which is more difficult and longer to treat than acute inflammation.

A diagnosis of urethritis, if you take your health seriously, should become the basis for radical changes in lifestyle and nutrition. The disease in official medicine is defined as inflammation of the urinary tract and manifests itself as a complex of symptoms. Women are more susceptible to developing this inflammation than men, which is due to anatomical differences and the dissimilar location of this organ in representatives of different sexes. Taking into account the factor of the physiological structure of the urinary canal, urethritis in women can lead to a wide range of complications, affect reproductive function and even cause disability (if treatment is not started in time).

Causes of urethritis in women

In most clinical cases, the onset of chronic or acute urethritis in women can be avoided. All factors predisposing to the development of the disease are divided into infectious and non-infectious influences. The practice of urologists involves the treatment of urethritis - both the first and second types, but inflammation caused by pathogens is more common.

Pathogenic microflora is the penetration of bacteria, fungi or viruses into the urinary tract. But the most common is bacterial urethritis. If the patient has dysbacteriosis, then the development of fungal urethritis is more likely. The relationship between inflammation and pathogenic microorganisms can only be established in the laboratory.

Main reasons Urethritis in women suggests the following factors:

The presence of diseases of venereal origin. Both latent sexual infections and untreated diseases of the same type can lead to inflammation of the urethra.

Periodic irritation of the urethra. This category includes wearing underwear that is too tight to the body, uncomfortable; the use of intimate hygiene products that contain aggressive chemical components.

Scratching and, as a result, damage to the mucous epithelium of the genitals. More often, such a nuisance occurs due to intense itching that accompanies vaginal candidiasis in women.

Damage to the mucous membrane as a result of medical procedures (evacuation of urine, installation of a urethral catheter).

Failure to comply with personal hygiene rules (untimely change of underwear, prolonged absence of water procedures).

Failure to comply with the sterility regime by employees of medical institutions (if bougienage of the urethra, catheterization or any other manipulation involving the use of instruments was carried out, and the equipment was not properly processed).

Contact of the urethra with contaminated surfaces. This cause often causes urethritis in childhood. For example, if a girl sits with her naked body on the sand, bench, or ground.

Intimacy with a partner who does not maintain personal hygiene.

Hypothermia (not only general, but also local).

Violation of the circulatory process in the pelvis.

The presence of chronic inflammation of the kidneys or bladder.

Also, inflammation of the urethra in women occurs due to poor nutrition - the predominance of salty, acidic foods in the diet, which irritate the walls of the urinary tract. In certain cases, urethritis develops due to increased sweat secretion on the surface of the genitals (if it is not promptly eliminated through water procedures, perspiration will irritate the urethra). Which doctor to contact directly depends on the spectrum of the lesion - if the disease is limited only to the organs of the urinary tract, treatment is carried out by a urologist, when the genital organs are involved - by a gynecologist or a venereologist.

Signs of urethritis in women

Signs of urethritis in women differ depending on the stage of the disease, associated factors and pathologies, and individual pain tolerance.

Such a sign as redness of the urethra in women is explained by excessively active hygiene or, conversely, the lack of it. It is most often determined at an appointment with a gynecologist, who refers the patient for examination to a urologist. The pathological phenomenon is accompanied by swelling of the genital organs, pain, which causes general irritation, nervousness and interferes with normal life activities.

Against the background of redness and swelling of the urethra, specific secretion will join the manifestations of the disease. Discharge from urethritis in women has either a clear, cheesy or purulent consistency, depending on the underlying cause. Assuming the development of banal thrush, women buy suppositories at the pharmacy, but despite the fact that suppositories for urethritis are allowed (Clotrimazole), they cannot self-medicate - any prescription of medications should only be made by a doctor.

Types of urethritis in women

There is a certain classification, according to which urethritis differs from each other in the origin of infection, type, characteristics of the course and period of limitation. These criteria make it possible to classify urethritis of the urethra into acute and chronic inflammation. The disease can be primary or secondary, has an infectious or non-infectious origin.

Non-infectious urethritis. This type of disease occurs due to factors such as:

1. Poor circulation in the pelvic organs.
2. The presence of cancerous tumors in the bladder or urethra.
3. Long ride.

The urine excretion channel becomes inflamed due to impaired renal function. Inflammation manifests itself as discomfort and pain inside the urethra.

Urethritis of infectious origin. There is a specific and nonspecific type of infectious urethritis. Specific urethritis is caused by the development of sexually transmitted infections: including trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, chlamydia. An insidious feature of the disease is its long-term latent course: the health problem is revealed only at the second or third stage of development.

Processes caused by yeast-like fungi are prone to long-term latent flow. The development of the disease will be indicated by cutting pain when urinating, the presence of a light coating on the mucous membrane of the genitals.

Nonspecific urethritis in women. Pathology has three forms of development - acute, chronic and sluggish. Acute inflammation of the urethra is manifested by symptoms such as:

1. Short incubation period.
2. Pain inside the canal, problematic urine output.
3. Copious discharge of mucus or purulent masses.
4. Increased body temperature (and the circumstances accompanying this phenomenon - body aches, chills, lethargy, lack of appetite, desire to rest).

Signs of sluggish urethritis differ only in the duration of the disease; the presence of pus in the urine is not always detected.

Chronic urethritis often serves as a beneficial circumstance for the onset of pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidneys). An infection that circulates throughout the urinary tract causes complications, including stagnation of urine. Stricture (narrowing) of the urethra is a common complication of inflammation of the urethra: its lumen decreases through scarring of the tissue if treatment does not occur in a timely manner.

Diagnostics

In order to receive adequate treatment, prescribe the right medications for the treatment of urethritis and prevent this disease from developing into a more severe form, you will need a full diagnosis. The examination must be carried out in full: the patient will have to undergo both the laboratory part and the instrumental part. But this event always begins with a survey and inspection. The combination of all the listed points will allow you to recreate an accurate clinical picture, understand the existing problem, and begin to eliminate the pathology.

1. Questioning and inspection. First, it is carried out by a gynecologist, then by a urologist. In previous years, this diagnostic procedure was not relevant. According to the current standards of the healthcare system, a woman’s complaints of pain inside the pelvic organs or in the lower back require a preliminary assessment by a gynecologist. This tactic is explained by the similarity of the manifestations of existing pathologies. For example, cystitis can manifest itself as pain when urinating, like gonorrhea, and pain in the genitals is often caused by vulvitis, but not urethritis. Having received a conclusion from an examination by a female doctor (who, in the presence of urethritis, will rule out pathology in her activity profile), the woman is sent to a urologist.

2. Laboratory diagnostics. Tests for urethritis involve examining a urine sample (general analysis), blood from a vein and a finger. A clinical blood test (preferably a detailed formula) in the case of urethritis will show leukocytosis - an increased content of white blood cells. Similar results will be found in a urine sample - leukocytes sometimes occupy the entire field of view of the laboratory technician - that is, the inflammation is in an acute stage, which requires immediate therapeutic action. A biochemical blood test will determine the content of urea, sugar, and prothrombin index (these indicators are especially important if urethritis occurs as a result of surgery).

The doctor prescribes other types of laboratory tests in accordance with assumptions about the development of the disease and the spectrum of its damage at the time the patient goes to the hospital. For example, if a specialist suspects that urethritis has spread to the bladder tissue or involved the kidneys in the inflammatory process (pyelonephritis), then one of the appointments will be a blood test for createnine, determining the functional capacity of the kidneys using the Zimnitsky test.

It is important to note! Antibiotics for urethritis are not prescribed until data from a bacteriological urine test is obtained. This study helps determine in a laboratory setting which pathogenic microorganism caused the development of inflammation. Taking into account the specific pathogen, a medication is prescribed. Otherwise, the prescription of an antimicrobial agent is considered incorrect (if antibiotic therapy was started without prior urine culture).

If the previously mentioned diagnostic measures are clear to everyone, then not every woman has had to undergo a urine culture for bacteriological examination. The procedure goes as follows:

1. All actions are carried out by a nurse - the presence or participation of a doctor is not required. All consumables and necessary instruments have been prepared in advance: tweezers (or a clamp), a catheter for urination, a sterile jar, a tray, napkins (they are made from a piece of gauze), sterile cotton balls, glycerin, an antiseptic solution (usually Chlorhexidine). All stages are carried out wearing disposable gloves.

2. In the dressing room of the urology department, the patient is placed on a couch (the surface of the equipment is previously covered with a diaper). The woman lies on her back, legs bent at the knees and spread apart.

3. Despite the fulfillment of the request to come for the procedure after performing intimate hygiene, the nurse additionally treats not only the external, but also the internal genital organs with an antiseptic solution. This medicine is used to treat the genitals and urethra.

4. After moistening the end of the catheter with glycerin, insert it into the woman’s urethra.

5. Urine, which will be released immediately after the catheter enters the urethra, is collected in a sterile container and sent for testing to the laboratory.

6. The canal and genitals are re-treated, then the woman can get dressed.

The research answer is received in at least three days (depending on the workload of the laboratory technicians).

Ultrasound is also prescribed - the most informative type of diagnosis, which will determine not only the fact of inflammation of the canal, but also the spectrum of damage. Determines whether nearby organs and structures are involved in the pathological process.

Treatment of urethritis in women

Just like the elimination of other known genitourinary diseases, treatment of urethritis in women occurs on an outpatient basis or in a hospital. The degree of damage, stage of the disease, and symptoms of the disease matter.

If the pathology is accompanied by an increase in general body temperature, there is a suspicion of pyelonephritis, the patient is deprived of the ability to perform even basic actions - she will need hospitalization in the urology department. In addition, urethritis limits the ability to work and it is better to take a sick leave at work in order to receive full treatment and not interrupt it halfway.

It is important to note! If a woman experiences urethritis, she receives antibacterial therapy; the course prescribed by the doctor cannot be interrupted. If the inflammation is not completely cured, but its symptoms are only muted, the slightest hypothermia or minor violation of intimate hygiene will resume inflammation with renewed vigor.

1. Bacterial urethritis should be treated first of all - with antibiotics (Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime), drugs from the fluoroquinolone group - Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin. Locally prescribed baths with chamomile or a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Of the herbal preparations, the most effective today is Canephron. If your body temperature is elevated, you should take Paracetamol. For pain - an analgesic.

2. Candidal urethritis in women requires the involvement of a gynecologist in drawing up a treatment plan. The same specialist will supervise the process of implementing prescriptions until the patient’s complete recovery. Since candidiasis often occurs as a result of intestinal dysbiosis, one cannot exclude the possibility of consulting a gastroenterologist who will prescribe medications that restore the natural microflora. The main drugs intended for the treatment of inflammation of this type are Clotrimazole (prescribed as an ointment for external application or in the form of suppositories for insertion into the vagina). The patient needs to take Nystatin, a drug that prevents the development of fungal flora (usually prescribed 1 tablet three times a day, but this prescription is individual).

3. Trichomonas urethritis in women is eliminated by a venereologist. Metronidazole (also known as Trichopolum) is prescribed in tablets or for intravenous drip administration. Also beneficial will be the administration of Iodovidone - these are suppositories, the action of which is aimed at eliminating the inflammatory process.

4. Allergic urethritis requires the prescription of specific medications, so it is important to confirm that the woman’s disorder is of allergic origin. Antibiotics in this case are not only useless, but also harmful, therefore, if the doctor prescribed them for the purpose of treating a bacterial infection, the drugs should be discontinued. The woman is prescribed antihistamines - Diazolin, Diphenhydramine, Suprastin. If the above drugs do not produce an effect, glucocorticoids are administered - Prednisolone, Dexamethasone.
for urethritis in women it is prescribed in those clinical cases where the origin of the inflammation is nonspecific. This is an antibiotic, which is excreted through the urethra. The powder is taken once and only in cases where the patient’s diagnosis is absolutely confirmed (without doubt about the possibility of another disease).

Infusion of anti-inflammatory drugs through a catheter directly into the urethra has a therapeutic effect. This procedure is called instillation.

The treatment regimen for urethritis of nonspecific origin involves the prescription of sulfonamide drugs (the most common and most effective are Biseptol, Sulfadimethoxine). Broad-spectrum antibiotics (Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin) are also prescribed.

It is most difficult to treat urethritis during pregnancy, when most medications cannot be prescribed for fear of harming the fetus. Therefore, drugs are prescribed for local use - gels and ointments that lack the ability to cross the placental barrier. To strengthen the body's immune properties, the doctor will prescribe vitamins. It will be beneficial to wash the urethra with a decoction of medicinal plants, and to take Canephron, one of the few drugs that is allowed when carrying a child (due to the herbal origin of this medicine).

During treatment, a woman needs to limit herself in consuming sour, spicy, salty foods. Alcohol, strong tea and coffee, and citrus juices are also prohibited. It is important to limit physical activity and prevent hypothermia.

Alternative treatment for urethritis in women

Treatment with folk remedies must be coordinated with your doctor. If the patient has received prescriptions from several specialists at once (from a gynecologist, venereologist, urologist), any of the medications desired for use will have to be agreed upon with each specialist. Even a seemingly harmless decoction or infusion can change the course of the inflammatory process, “blur” the clinical picture, which misleads the doctor, and he prescribes the wrong drugs (not suitable for the actual situation).

The most popular and useful are a decoction of parsley leaves (helps eliminate bacterial infections from the body) and tea brewed with black currant leaves - a general tonic, which is very important in the fight against inflammation.

It is more advisable to treat with alternative medicine externally - take baths with herbal teas, douching (if this method does not contradict concomitant diseases or the characteristics of the existing one).

Important! Before discussing with a doctor the possibility of using alternative means, a woman should not hide information about chronic diseases - from prolonged pyelonephritis to periodically exacerbating hypertension.

The most common complications of urethritis in women are colpitis, endometritis, adnexitis and even infertility (if the patient did not consciously seek proper treatment, and the inflammation became chronic). Each of the listed conditions affects the female reproductive organs, which will affect not only well-being, but also cause a psychological blow. Therefore, if you notice pain, pain or redness in the genital area, you need to consult a doctor and undergo a competent therapeutic course.

Inflammatory diseases of the urinary system occur in both women and men. The kidneys, bladder, and urethra are susceptible to this pathology. The infection can penetrate these organs by importation from the outside, as well as by lymphogenous or hematogenous routes.

The urethra in women is shorter and wider than in men; for this reason, inflammation of the urethra in women does not occur so often as an independent disease.

Types of urethritis in women

Normally, the urethra should not contain microorganisms, that is, it is sterile, and any entry of microflora into it causes irritation and an inflammatory process.

There are specific and nonspecific urethritis, depending on the infection that causes the disease. The first option occurs when gonococci, chlamydia and other pathogenic flora are introduced, which are transmitted through sexual intercourse. A nonspecific type of inflammation of the urethra occurs when opportunistic microbes enter it.

Urethritis in a woman can also be caused by a viral infection or fungus, which also cause inflammation.

According to the course, urethritis can be chronic and acute. And depending on this, its symptoms appear.

Reasons for the development of the disease

The occurrence of an inflammatory process in the urethra in women occurs as a result of certain types of factors:

• irritation or microtrauma as a result of sexual hyperactivity;

• promiscuous sexual intercourse;

• eating disorders (excessive consumption of spicy and fried foods, alcoholic beverages);

• gynecological diseases;

• malignant neoplasms;

• nephritis or pyelitis;

• disturbance of innervation;

• specific infections (chlamydia, ureoplasmosis, etc.);

• violation of the vaginal environment;

• stagnation of venous blood in the pelvic organs;

• first sexual intercourse;

• stones in the kidneys;

• decrease in the body's immune forces;

• complication after catheterization or smear taking;

• intoxication and irradiation.

Predisposing factors for the development of urethritis are:

• frequent hypothermia;

• failure to comply with hygiene rules;

• chronic foci of infection in the body;

• drinking alcohol and smoking;

• psycho-emotional overload;

• pregnancy and hormonal changes in the body;

• violation of metabolic processes;

• endocrine pathology.

Signs of an inflammatory process in the urethra

In case of inflammation of the urethra, the symptoms of the underlying disease in a woman come first. Most often it is a consequence of kidney stones, and in this case renal colic will be noted.

With a pathology such as inflammation of the urethra in women, the following symptoms develop:

• burning and itching in the urethral area;

• dysuric phenomena;

• difficulty in the outflow of urine;

• the occurrence of hyperemia in the area of ​​the outer urethra;

• frequent urge to go to the toilet;

• increased symptoms before the onset of menstruation;

• pain and discomfort without connection with the process of urination.

The next exacerbation of urethritis can manifest itself in different ways - from severe pain to mild discomfort. But at the same time, the chronic process leads to the fact that pain and discomfort persist almost constantly. Inflammation of the urethra in women has nonspecific symptoms, so a thorough examination is necessary to make a diagnosis.

If left untreated, urethritis often progresses to cystitis and even pyelonephritis. A woman may develop vulvovaginitis or adnexitis. With a long and sluggish process, atrophy occurs on the inner wall of the urethra, it becomes deformed, which leads to disruption of urine output from the bladder.

With gonococcal inflammation of the urethra, symptoms begin to appear after 12 hours. But sometimes the incubation period lasts up to 10 days. This disease is characterized by acute and pronounced symptoms.

Mycoplasma and chlamydia most often lead to chronic urethritis in women with periodic exacerbations due to decreased immunity or exposure to other provoking factors.

Treatment

For such a phenomenon as inflammation of the urethra in women, treatment should only be prescribed by a specialist. It is carried out on an outpatient basis. First, you need to find out the cause of the disease and identify the infection, since effective treatment requires exposure to the etiological factor.

To improve the patient’s quality of life and reduce symptoms, symptomatic treatment can be used, but without eliminating the infection, the process will become chronic and complications such as cystitis or pyelonephritis will occur.

The question arises that when inflammation of the urethra develops in women, how should it be treated correctly in order to prevent the next relapse. The treatment regimen must include:

1. Antibiotics. Determination of the pathogen and its sensitivity is the basis of effective therapy. The most commonly used broad-spectrum agents are protected penicillins, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides. They are used for oral administration, for a course of 5 to 10 days. It is recommended to start with monotherapy, of course, provided that only one type of pathogen is isolated. Sometimes a combination of two or more drugs is used to enhance the effect.

1. When mycoplasma is detected, imidazole preparations are used. And fungal infection can be controlled by taking antifungal agents. More effective treatment comes in a combination of vaginal suppositories and tablets. Sometimes tampons with ointments or solutions are used.

1. If inflammation of the urethra in women is caused by a specific infection, then both partners need to be treated according to the full regimen.

1. The doctor may also prescribe physiotherapeutic procedures - diadynamic therapy, electrophoresis with furadonin.

1. To increase immunity, immunomodulators and vitamin complexes are used.

In addition, complex therapy uses baths with a weak solution of manganese, or douching with antiseptic solutions or decoctions of anti-inflammatory herbs (calendula, chamomile). Simultaneous instillations of protargol, miramistin or chlorhexidine, carried out by a doctor, help well.

With such a phenomenon as inflammation of the urethra in women, treatment should be comprehensive, using all possible methods. During the period of exacerbation, it is necessary to reduce all physical activity and sex; if the process is severe, it recommends several days of bed rest.

Diet

For complete treatment and quick recovery, you should follow a certain diet. Fatty, fried, smoked foods are excluded from the diet. It is not recommended to use marinades and pickles, as well as preserved food.

Salt should be limited. If your kidneys are functioning normally, it is recommended to drink plenty of fluids. During an exacerbation, you should completely switch to dairy products and plant foods.

Prevention

Prevention of the inflammatory process plays an important role. To prevent urethritis from developing, the following tips should be followed:

1. Avoid hypothermia and dress appropriately for the weather.

1. Protect yourself using barrier contraception during casual sexual intercourse.

1. Eliminate the use of tobacco and alcoholic beverages.

Promptly identify and treat other inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system.

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