Teach your child to pronounce sounds correctly! Why does a child grind his teeth in a dream - we answer the question The child speaks with his teeth clamped

Normally, the formation of the correct pronunciation of sounds ends by 4-5 years. However, not all preschoolers can independently master the phonetic system of their native language, and adults do not always identify speech defects by ear or do not attach much importance to this, believing that with age these shortcomings will disappear by themselves.

To learn how to teach your child to pronounce sounds and words correctly, read the advice of a professional speech therapist.

The most common problems for children are:

* hissing: w, w, w, h.
* whistling: s, s, s, s, c.
* sonorous sounds: p, p, l, l.

Pronunciation that does not meet age standards is called pathological tongue-tied tongue (dyslalia). A child with a violation of pronunciation is characterized by a complete inability to pronounce a sound or a group of sounds, a conscious omission of them in his speech.

The production of any sound can be started by imitating the sounds that animals or objects make. For example, the sound p (the growl of a dog or the sound of a running engine
), sound w (the noise of a wave running ashore, or how a goose hisses), w (buzzing beetle), h (squeak of a mosquito), etc. The element of imitation is good because using it, we make the child's hearing and vision work.

If the child was not able to reproduce the sound by imitation, then it is recommended to start classes with the development of individual elements of the sound. In this case, a system of articulation exercises and articulation gymnastics is used, which will prepare the speech organs for the pronunciation of a certain sound.

Exercises for the tongue: articulation gymnastics

“Spatula” Stick out a wide tongue, flatten it on the lower lip, hold for 10-15 seconds.

“Cup” Mouth open wide. Raise a wide tongue up, but do not touch the upper teeth. Hold for 10-15 seconds.

"Needle" Open your mouth. Stick out your narrow tongue far ahead. Hold for 10-15 seconds.

"Gorka" Open your mouth. Press the lateral edges of the tongue to the upper molars. The tip of the tongue rests on the lower teeth. Hold for 15 seconds.

“Watch” Exercise is given to activate the muscles of the tongue. Tell your child: “Look how the clock is ticking, how the pendulum is swinging. Let's play with the clock, and your tongue will be the pendulum.

“Horse” Show the child how horses jump. Make sure that the tip of the tongue rises straight, without turning and clicking behind the upper teeth. The tongue should stick to the sky, and then break away from it with a sound similar to the clatter of hooves.

“Swing” Tell the child: “Pull out the narrow tongue. Stretch them alternately to the nose, then to the chin, do not close your mouth. "Repeat this 10-15 times.

“Delicious jam” It is necessary, sitting with a child in front of a mirror, to imagine that you have eaten delicious jam. And your upper lip is dirty. “Let's lick the jam from the upper lip with our tongue. Like this". Showing the child how to lick the jam, you make a movement with a wide tongue along the upper lip from top to bottom, but not from side to side.

“Let's brush our teeth” The child sits on a chair facing you. “Look how I brush my teeth. (Brush your upper teeth from the inside with your tongue). Now let's brush the upper teeth together so that they are cleaner. The tongue should slide along the inner surface of the teeth from left to right. The mouth is open, the lips are smiling and the teeth are visible.

“Painter” Tell the child: “Put out your tongue, open your mouth. Lick, like a painter with a brush, first the upper lip in a circle, then the lower lip in a circle. Repeat 10 times.

For all types of corrective work with a child, be sure to use a mirror,

Hissing sounds: pronounce correctly!

First you need to remember the articulation gymnastics with the child, namely the “cup” exercise: - Please: make your tongue “cup”, now move the cup by your teeth, holding your tongue up, close your teeth, slightly stretch your lips forward (you can slightly push your lips with two fingers child forward) and make a sound.

If the child holds the tongue in the upper position, the sound sh will be heard, if the tongue is not held, you need to bring a spatula or the flat end of a teaspoon under the tongue. Practice with mechanical assistance until the child can pronounce the correct sound without assistance. Then invite the child with the same position of the articulatory apparatus to pronounce the sound f.

If the child pronounces the sound w as w, put one of his hands on your larynx and the other on his larynx, and pronounce the sound again. To put the correct sound ch, you need to explain to the child that the sound ch consists of the sounds pronounced t and u-tsch. First, you can pronounce separately t-sch, t-sch, then gradually merge these sounds.

When staging the sound u, invite the child to repeat the sound, if it does not work out by imitation, then put your finger (in a horizontal position) under the tongue. The finger should hold the tongue against the middle part of the palate. Achieve a long sound

Making whistling sounds

Correct articulation of whistling sounds:

* lips take the position of the subsequent main sound;
* teeth are brought together at a distance of one millimeter;
* the tip of the tongue rests on the lower incisors;
* lateral edges are tightly pressed to the upper molars;
* the back of the tongue (its middle part) is curved in the middle,

When pronouncing a soft "s", the back of the tongue is more arched, the tongue is more tense. The sound z, z is pronounced in the same way, only here the voice is already turned on (due to the closure of the vocal cords), due to which a sonorous whistling sound is formed.

The most important thing when pronouncing s, s, ts is that the tip of the tongue rests on the front lower teeth and should not be visible between the teeth, they are closed. If the child cannot immediately pronounce, imitating you, you need to resort to mechanical assistance. Press the tip of the tongue with a match (with the end of the match, having previously broken off the sulfuric head), and let the child, biting the match with his teeth, make a sound with, then z. If a child pronounces sounds correctly with the help of a match, but cannot do it without a match, practice a little longer with a match, then try again without it, until the child begins to pronounce the correct sounds s, s, ts on his own.

If you don’t immediately get the sound z (the child pronounces it like s), put his hand on your larynx, and the other hand on yours, say first, stretching out, the sound s (Do you hear, the neck is silent?), And then stretch the sound: "z. ..z..z.." and the child will “hear” how “the neck buzzed”.

To pronounce the correct sound ts, offer to pronounce the sound yew together, at first slowly, then faster, as a result you get the sound ts (t + s). When pronouncing q, bring the back of the child's hand to your mouth, and he will feel a stream of air.

The correct pronunciation of the sound "L"

To correct the shortcomings of the pronunciation of the sound l, I advise you the easiest way, I always use it in my work. First, you are in front of a mirror (the child is sitting next to you), clamping the tip of your tongue with your teeth,

How to pronounce the letter "R"

Invite the child to remember the “cup” exercise. Do it together several times, always in front of a mirror as follows:

- Make the tongue “cup”, press the tip of the tongue strongly against the palate, push off and forcefully pronounce the sound d (make sure that the tongue is at the top, the teeth do not close and the jaw is motionless). With your clean finger or the child's finger, make quick movements from left to right, pulling the tongue by the hyoid frenulum. (You can put a bottle nipple on your finger.) First, you hold the child’s hand by the hand and move with his finger, then the child will do this exercise on his own.

It is necessary to do until an independent, without the help of fingers, vibration of the tip of the tongue appears. Repeat this exercise several times a day for 10-15 minutes, or at least once in your free time, but also no more than 20 minutes.

Be sure to let your child rest!

Most often, pronounce the combinations "dr" themselves (language at the top), so that the child, seeing your articulation and hearing the correct sound, imitates you, but only if you pronounce the sound p correctly.

When working with a child to correct defects in sound pronunciation, it is necessary to have visual material. Select color pictures, preferably by series (flowers, vegetables, fruits, dishes, clothes, shoes), various lottos, dominoes, cubes.

Try to make the lesson not a boring lesson, but an interesting game. Praise, encourage the child for his diligence and work more often.

Nocturnal grinding of teeth (bruxism) is a symptom of various diseases. To determine why a child grinds his teeth in a dream, you need to monitor the emotional state, examine the baby. Ignoring bruxism can lead to unpleasant situations, the development of diseases.

How is the screech made?

Bruxism occurs at night due to contraction of the masticatory muscles. Normally, teeth only touch each other when eating, which causes friction. In a relaxed state, the jaws are in contact, but friction is not created. With bruxism, the jaw muscles are tense, the teeth are pressed tightly against each other and the child creaks with them.

Bruxism is a common occurrence. Teeth grinding is noted in every third or fifth preschool child. Boys grind their teeth more often than girls.

Features of bruxism in children

Night grinding is not a purely childish problem. This phenomenon also occurs in adults, but much less frequently.

The creaking sound of a child can be heard not only at night. Sometimes the problem manifests itself during daylight hours. Usually the attack does not last long, about 10 seconds.

If the symptom occurs from time to time, and the baby's condition does not change, parents should not worry. If a child often grinds his teeth for a long time in his sleep, and is irritated in the morning, complains of a headache, as well as in the muscles of the jaw, this is a reason to consult a specialist.

Sometimes parents may not be aware of the symptom, such as if the child is older and sleeping in a different room.

Require treatment for bouts of bruxism that have been observed for more than a month.

Why does a child grind his teeth in his sleep? Doctor Komarovsky will tell about the reasons

1. Children's psyche has its own characteristics. Children handle stress differently. Even small nervous stresses can affect the baby's body, manifest as a nightly grinding of teeth. Bruxism indicates that the child's nervous system has failed, out of balance.
2. Often a rattle can be heard during or when they are changed to indigenous ones. Such processes are accompanied by itching and discomfort, the baby tries to scratch his teeth and creaks them. When observed daytime bruxism.
3. Pathology in the form of malocclusion, as well as diseases of the jaw joints, are manifested by night grinding.
4. An important role is played by the hereditary factor. If one of the parents suffered from bruxism, the risk of nighttime grinding in the child increases.
5. Toddlers who suffer from nightmares, sleepwalking, or other sleep disturbances often grind their teeth. This also applies to children who snore and talk in their sleep.
6. Adenoids, runny nose, otitis are manifested by a violation of nasal breathing, discomfort. The baby cannot breathe freely, especially at night, worries, grinds his teeth.
7. With a lack of trace elements that affect muscle contraction and the functioning of the nervous system, bruxism occurs. This is how a deficiency of calcium, magnesium, B vitamins and amino acids manifests itself.
8. With insufficient load on the jaw, the baby eats soft, mashed food, the child reflexively clenches his jaw at night.

Is nighttime teeth grinding related to? The older generation confidently declares the presence of worms at the first manifestations of bruxism. But there is no direct connection between the presence of helminths and night grinding.

Bruxism can manifest itself both in children suffering from helminthiasis and in healthy children. Indeed, the creaking of teeth in children with helminthic invasion is exacerbated. The reason for this is the discomfort associated with helminths.

Why does a child grind his teeth day and night? Differences between daytime and nighttime bruxism

Daytime bruxism is more typical for emotional children, when even small troubles bring a whirlwind of emotions. The kid reflexively clenches his teeth and creates a characteristic creak. Experts attribute daytime bruxism to a bad habit, not a pathology.

A professional psychologist can help the child, who will find an approach to the baby and gently teach him to control his actions. It is unacceptable to scold and punish a child for grinding his teeth during the day, this will aggravate the problem, entail other disorders.

There are special methods and exercises that can teach the baby to cope with bruxism.

When teething, the baby squeezes his teeth, scratches, bites. So the child is experimenting with his body, trying to try something new. Often, the creaking of teeth amuses the baby; such bruxism should not be considered a problem. It is enough to gently show the child that you should not do this, you can buy it.

Night bruxism occurs involuntarily, the baby is unable to control it.

Often night grinding is accompanied by other manifestations:

• gnashing, creaking, clicking of the teeth, which lasts 10-15 seconds and repeats periodically;
• during an attack, blood pressure rises, the pulse rate rises, the baby breathes more often.

Why should teeth grinding be treated?

Parents often ask whether it is worth resorting to drug therapy for nighttime grinding of teeth. If bruxism is not considered a disease, maybe you should not pay attention to it?

Bruxism leads to complications that are invisible at first glance. Over time, the changes manifest themselves more and more, diseases arise.

The consequences of bruxism are as follows:

1. Daytime sleepiness.The baby cannot completely relax at night, fall into a deep sleep, his muscles remain in a tense state. After such a night, the child wakes up unrested, lethargic, capricious.Cognitive functions are impaired, attention is scattered, academic performance is reduced. Moreover, fatigue accumulates every day, the baby cannot rest properly.
2. Enamel is worn off. The child actively works with his jaws in a dream, the enamel of the teeth is subjected to constant mechanical stress. The thin enamel of children's teeth is gradually erased, there is an increased sensitivity of the teeth, gum disease. The child refuses to eat sour, sweet, hot, cold.If you notice that the baby is in pain while eating, cannot eat certain foods, seek the advice of a specialist. This may indicate increased sensitivity of the teeth, dental problems.If the enamel is erased significantly, a malocclusion occurs. If you skip the problem, the malocclusion is fixed, remains deformed.
3. Disorders of the nervous system. Neurological disorders manifest themselves with a long course of bruxism, when the nightly grinding of teeth is not defined for a long time. Then the kids get to different specialists, for a long time they cannot cope with the problem.

Clinical manifestations of neurology in bruxism are diverse and often "disguised" as other diseases. Children complain of pain in the head, face, neck. Possible dizziness, decreased vision and hearing.

Diagnosis of bruxism

If you notice signs of bruxism, first of all, watch your baby sleep. Pay attention to how long the attacks last, how often the creaking appears.

Notice how the child behaved the day before, whether there were any emotional or physical stress. It is important to observe whether there are any manifestations of the problem during the day, whether the baby's condition is disturbed.

Then parents should contact a specialist. To clarify the diagnosis, doctors recommend a polysomnographic study. This diagnostic method allows you to register the contraction of the jaw muscles that occur involuntarily. The method helps to distinguish bruxism from hidden pathologies, it is indispensable for children at risk of development.

A dentist can help diagnose bruxism. The doctor examines the baby's oral cavity, determines the condition of the teeth and gums, and pays attention to the wear of the enamel.

In doubtful cases, the dentist recommends using a special Brooks checker. This is a cap made of soft plastic or rubber, it is worn while the child is sleeping. In the morning, the state of the cap is assessed, deformed areas indicate a load on the teeth in these places.

For an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment, the child should be consulted by related specialists. Such children are examined by a dentist, a neuropathologist, a psychologist.

What to do if the child grinds his teeth in a dream?

If the phenomenon of bruxism is rare, the baby sleeps peacefully, and wakes up cheerful and cheerful, you can limit yourself to general recommendations for treating nighttime teeth grinding.

1. . The child must clearly understand the time of sleep and wakefulness, regularly walk in the fresh air and have enough rest.
2. Balanced diet. A balanced diet will provide the baby with all the vitamins and minerals, support the health of the baby. Eliminate too sweet foods, fatty, heavy foods, dyes and preservatives from the diet.Do not overfeed the baby at night, it will also make the baby's sleep restless. You need to have dinner 2 hours before going to bed.
3. Give solid food during the day. Try to treat the little one with an apple, carrot, cabbage during daylight hours. Let the chewing muscles work, so you reduce the nighttime muscle activity.
4. Preparation for sleep. Try to play quiet games before going to bed. A hot bath, reading books, lullabies will help to relax the baby.If the baby "walked" before going to bed, be sure to calm the baby down. An overexcited child cannot sleep peacefully.
5. family atmosphere. Children's behavior is a mirror image of family relationships. Create a homely, cozy atmosphere. Never sort things out in the presence of children.

Try to be attentive and patient to the requests of the crumbs, give him more time, hug and kiss the baby. Contact with parents is very important, it prevents many psychological problems in the future.

Once the diagnosis of bruxism is established, the baby will need a comprehensive approach to overcome the problem.

Bruxism Treatment Methods

1. Psychological. Children suffering from bruxism need psychological support, attention and understanding. A competent psychologist will help the family overcome the problem, establish trusting relationships.
2. Somatic. Treatment of complications of bruxism, diseases of the oral cavity, gums, bite correction, selection of a bracket system.
3. Medical. Taking drugs that relieve nervous tension, normalize sleep: T enoten, glycine, herbal preparations (valerian root). Soothing baths are available.To reduce the contractility of muscles, calcium, magnesium, and B vitamins are often prescribed.
4. Physiotherapy. Relaxing massage, compresses on the face. Warm compresses are applied for 10-15 minutes on the cheekbones, the procedure is repeated 2 times a day. Compresses help to relax, relieve tension and pain in the muscles.

With severe symptoms of bruxism, to preserve tooth enamel, experts recommend wearing a special mouthguard during sleep. They are made individually, taking into account all the features of the baby's oral cavity. Wearing a cap prevents a change in the child's bite, relieves stress on the jaw joints, and reduces muscle pain.

Although mouthguards are an effective way to prevent and treat the complications of bruxism, they should not be considered a complete treatment. To identify the cause of night grinding, a comprehensive examination of the child is necessary.

Prevention of night grinding

In order to prevent the development of the problem, you need to pay attention to the health of the baby's oral cavity. Teach your child how to take care of their teeth, treat gum disease in time, fill their teeth.

Try to protect the baby from stress, improve the climate in the family. Emotional children need to be supported, taught to calm down on their own. Older children should be taught self-relaxation techniques.

If the child grinds his teeth in his sleep, do not put off going to the doctor for later. This will prevent the development of negative consequences, help to quickly get rid of the trouble.

Summing up

Many parents face the problem of nighttime teeth grinding. Often these are short attacks that go away on their own and do not require medical treatment.

If grinding your teeth becomes a private companion of sleep, you should definitely pay attention to the duration and frequency of attacks. The problem will also be indicated by the deterioration of the general condition of the child, weakness, irritability, fatigue, impaired concentration.

At the first suspicious symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor who will prescribe a set of examinations and figure out the causes of the problem. In the case of bruxism, timely treatment will prevent the development of complications and keep the baby healthy.

Speech is a specific form of human communication that arose in the process of labor. This is the most important function of a person, which contributes to the development of personality. A person realizes himself, there are huge opportunities for knowing his inner and surrounding world.

Of course, a child cannot learn to speak on his own. He imitates the speech of an adult. The lack of speech in children living outside of communication with other people can serve as confirmation. In most cases, these children, once in society, cannot learn to speak and remain mute.

The work of the organs of speech during the pronunciation of sounds is provided with the help of the articulatory apparatus. Articulation is carried out by the coordinated activity of the muscles of the tongue, lips, soft palate, pharynx, larynx, respiratory muscles. Separately, these organs each perform their own function: respiratory movements, grasping, chewing and swallowing food.

An important condition for the proper development of speech in a child is the auditory perception of the speech of people around him. As the child hears the word, so he pronounces it. If there is even a slight deviation in hearing, then mastery of speech may be delayed indefinitely.

Great chance incorrect pronunciation of sounds in a child, it may be due to the fact that in the family one of the parents, or a brother, or sister suffers from this disease. What to do?

Of course, no one will forbid communicating with relatives, but a person with the correct pronunciation should devote more time to the child. It can be any family member or a nanny.

But this does not happen in all children. For some time there will still be instability in the pronunciation of the hissing sounds “sh”, “g”, “h”. Children can alternate the incorrect pronunciation of sounds in words with the correct one. Also, a child can pronounce a sound in one word, but not in another. For example, "masina" and then "tire". There are children who are very fond of pronouncing the sounds “r”, “sh”, “g” and replace other sounds in words with them. Something like this: “gorubi” (pigeons), “ramp” (lamp), “shon” (sleep), “shaking” (snake). Most children 4-5 years old can already pronounce the sound “p”, but the pronunciation is not constant. Sometimes children try to replace it with the sounds "l", "y".

At this age, abbreviations are becoming less and less common. At 4 years old, children are able to group objects into classes: furniture, dishes, animals, etc. At the age of 5, they can compose a story based on a picture from several sentences. They can answer the question correctly. Speech is involuntary, depending on the situation. This is enough for full communication.

In children 4-5 years old, there is often a violation of the pronunciation of individual sounds. Parents are always worried about whether it is possible to help the baby, whether it will pass by itself. But no matter how much we would like it, sound pronunciation defects will not disappear by themselves.

One of the most common speech defects is dyslalia. What it is?

With such positive indicators as good hearing, a sufficient vocabulary, the child builds sentences correctly, he has a clear speech, there is a defective pronunciation of sounds.

Dyslalia is functional and mechanical. Development functional dyslalia is directly related to the environment that surrounds the child, that is, its occurrence depends on the conditions in which the baby lives and on his physical education.

Diseases or various types of injuries, especially during the formation of speech, can lead to a delay in psychoverbal development, i.e. the child has intact intellectual capabilities, but experiences great difficulties in learning, thereby differing from peers.

What does it threaten? For example, a child with a speech impediment does not attend kindergarten. He willingly communicates with adults, does not worry about this. Peers will laugh at another child, make comments. Educators, of course, will not allow the baby to perform at concerts and participate in other children's activities. As a result, the child may withdraw, will try to speak as little as possible.

With a chronic lack of communication, the child will not be able to perceive the sound composition of the word, i.e., this is usually called the lack of phonemic hearing. Without this, the child simply will not be able to reproduce speech.

But in no case do not distort the words. After all, children at this age imitate adults. Incorrect pronunciation of a word can be fixed in the child's memory for a long time and further affect the development of speech.

mechanical dyslalia associated with defects and anomalies of the dentition, tongue, palate and lips.

Bite is of great importance. To check its correctness, ask the child to tightly clench his teeth. If the front upper teeth overlap the lower ones, this is a correct bite.

Bite defects can result from a great love for pacifiers. Bite anomalies mainly affect the pronunciation of the sounds "p", "l", whistling and hissing sounds. Sometimes attentive parents notice that the child cannot open his mouth wide, that his teeth are tightly clenched when talking. This negatively affects the process of forming pronunciation. To relieve tension, you need to perform simple exercises. They do them in front of a mirror, preferably in the form of a game, so that it is fun and interesting. Exercises are best performed in a certain sequence - from simple to complex, at a slow pace. The number of repetitions is from 2 to 10 times. You need to perform exercises 2-3 times a day. Before articulatory gymnastics, you need to do 1-2 exercises to develop speech breathing.

An exemplary set of breathing exercises.

"Pinwheel". The child blows on a spinner toy.

"And the snow is flying." Pieces of cotton wool are placed on the child's palm, and he must blow them off.

"Blow out the candle." The child must blow out the lit candle.

Approximate set of articulation exercises.

"Window". Morning came, the window opened wide (open mouth wide). Night fell, the window closed (shut your mouth).

Beacon". First, move the lower jaw left and right, and then back and forth.

"Bite your lip." First, the upper teeth bite the lower lip, then the lower teeth bite the upper lip, and so on several times.

"Saw drank firewood." With the upper front teeth, "saw" the lower lip, with the lower teeth - the upper lip.

"Sponge teeth". First clench your teeth and then your lips.

In order to achieve good results, these exercises must be performed regularly. At first, it is best to perform the complex with the child. It will be easier for him to understand and repeat the exercises.

Lips play an important role in the pronunciation of sounds. Lip injuries can lead to the incorrect pronunciation of many sounds: whistling, hissing, as well as lip "p", "m", "b".

Here also exists a set of articulation exercises for the lips.

Gather your lips into a tube. Clench your teeth, stretch your lips into a tube. The duration of the exercise is 5-10 s.

Stretching lips into a smile. Clench your teeth, a natural smile on your face. Duration - 5-10 s.

Alternation of the two previous exercises. Duration - 10 s.

"Find me":

• Pull out the lips with a tube, and then hide them inward, tucking them behind the teeth. Repeat 10 times;

  hide the upper lip under the lower lip, fix for 5 s;

  hide the lower lip under the upper lip, fix for 5 s;

  alternate exercises 10 times;

  hide both lips in your mouth and clamp them with your teeth. Hold 5 s.

"Stop, horse." Relax your lips, vibrate your lips as if you want to stop the horse. Repeat 10 times.

Language and palate perform one of the most important functions in the formation of speech in a child. Violations in the structure of the language leads to the fact that speech becomes fuzzy, blurry. At the same time, certain sounds suffer: “l”, “p”, “w”, “g”, “h”. The fault may be a shortened hyoid frenulum. This can only be corrected by a dental surgeon, and then, with the help of articulatory gymnastics, a speech therapist will set up sounds. The operation will solve the problems once and for all, so it should not be postponed.

After a while, everything will fall into place, and parents will be happy to listen to their child. Anomalies of the tongue and palate are the most common among other speech disorders.

Periodically consult a dentist and a speech therapist, because by the age of 4-5 the process of speech formation, the assimilation of the phonetic system, the pronunciation of sounds, words becomes intelligible and clear.

For family reasons

There are many speech defects. For example, alalia, when a person does not speak at all, dysarthria, in which a person, as a result of brain damage, literally, and not figuratively, does not toss and turn his tongue, lips and palate are motionless, aphasia, when speech disappears due to illness. But most often, speech therapists are faced with dyslalia, when a person cannot pronounce some sounds, skips them or replaces them with others. A striking example is the speech therapist in the film, who did not pronounce most of the sounds. Do you remember: "fefects of fiction", "fafe", "street of someone"?

Dyslalia manifests itself in very early childhood, from about two years old, when the child is just starting to speak. Many parents do not attach any importance to this, believing that over time the baby will begin to speak clearly and clearly. In seventy percent of cases, this happens: by the age of seven, the formation of the speech apparatus ends and the child begins to speak correctly. But don't count on it. At three years old, the child should be seen by a speech therapist to correct speech defects before he goes to school. This is also important because children with dyslalia do not master written language well.

"Porridge" in the mouth may appear due to violations of the structure of the articulatory apparatus, for example, malocclusion, gaps between the teeth, high palate, short frenulum of the tongue. Sometimes the cause of poor diction is adenoids: it is enough to remove them, and speech is getting better.

The example is contagious

But it happens that nothing interferes with the child, there are no reasons that prevent correct speech, but he still lisps, mumbles, and nasally. The point may be that he is simply imitating a family member or neighbor with the same speech impediment. It happens that adults are to blame for the tongue-tied tongue of a child: they don’t correct him if he speaks incorrectly, they “lisp”, distort the words in a childish manner: “Come on, drink milk.” The writer Korney Chukovsky, who studied children's speech, wrote: “No matter how much we like the words “knock” and “kusarik”, we must immediately notice to the child: “They don’t say that, you’re wrong. You need to say "hammer" (or you need to say "cracker").

Problems with diction often occur in children from bilingual families. They learn to speak two languages ​​at once, and when speaking Russian, they may unwittingly use the phonetics of another language.

It happens that speech disorders are caused by the fact that the child does not distinguish between nuances between whistling and hissing, hard and soft sounds. Weakened, asthenic children may find it difficult to speak due to the poor tone of the articulatory apparatus - the tongue, lips and jaw simply do not have enough strength to produce correct speech.

Harmful letters

Most often, difficulties arise with the letter "r". In the people, this defect is called burr, and scientifically rotacism.

The second most common speech defect is the so-called sigmatism, when whistling (s-z), hissing (sh-zh) and the so-called affricates (h-sh) are distorted. An example is the hustler Brick from the movie "The meeting place cannot be changed."

Less common is the so-called lambdacism - a violation of the pronunciation of "l". A typical example is the lady from Sergey Dovlatov's book "Compromise", who said: "We have wedding letters" or "I'm so weepy, so weepy."

There are many exercises to correct these defects. However, it is impossible to advise which one suits your child in absentia, because only the letter “r” has thirteen ways of incorrect pronunciation. So without the advice of specialists - a speech therapist, orthodontist, laura - you can not do. You can correct bad diction at any age, but it is better to do it in childhood, until a person has developed a strong skill to speak incorrectly.

Fitness for the speaker

Sometimes a person speaks without obvious errors, but his speech sounds inexpressive, monotonous, flat. As a result, the thought is lost, the meaning of what was said disappears, often the interlocutors do not want to listen to it to the end. By the way, 30% of the first impression a person makes is his voice.

Only a professional in speech technology can identify and eliminate these problems. By the way, today ordinary people who understand that good speech is the key to a successful career are increasingly turning to their services.

But you can achieve good results on your own. First, evaluate your posture. If it is wrong, the speech will not be expressive. The old proven way is to stand up with your back against the wall. With good posture, you will touch the wall with your heels, calves, buttocks, shoulder blades, and the back of your head. Train yourself to always keep your head at a right angle to your neck.

To speak easily, you need to breathe correctly. Often the speech sounds tongue-tied only because the speaker does not have enough air to complete the sentence, and he “chews” the endings, crumples the ending. Check: with proper breathing, inhale at the expense of one-two, exhale at the expense of three-four-five-six.

There are many breathing exercises. For example, light a large candle, inhale and try to blow it out at once from a distance of about twenty centimeters. Then learn to blow out two or three candles with one breath. By the way, soon, when you understand how intense the exhalation should be, the candle can be “lit” mentally.

A good exercise is to chant vowels as long as possible on one breath (“aaa-ooo-uuu-iii”) until the breath runs out. The normal result is 25 seconds.

Listen to yourself from the outside: record on a tape recorder how your voice sounds after reading an excerpt from a book. Do this exercise several times, trying to achieve more expressive reading. To make the speech sound more convincing, make semantic pauses in the course of the story, slow down the pace (especially for women who are used to chattering).

Content

At night, parents can hear an unpleasant rattle, which should alert and alarm. If a small child grinds his teeth during sleep, this is an obvious sign of bruxism that needs to be treated promptly. The health problem that has arisen should not be hushed up, in the morning you need to sign up for an unscheduled appointment with the doctor.

Why do children grind their teeth in their sleep according to folk theory

There are several reasons for this phenomenon, but among the people it is customary to associate the night grinding of teeth with worms. Before diligently treating helminths with home methods, a caring mother of a baby needs to contact a specialist in a timely manner and determine the real pathogenic factor by clinical and laboratory methods. Otherwise, antihelminthic drugs will be ineffective, moreover, they will negatively affect the general state of children's digestion. As practice shows, the child grinds his teeth in his sleep for completely different reasons.

Why does a child grind his teeth at night according to Dr. Komarovsky

According to the opinion of the "screen doctor", it is not so much rapidly progressing helminths that can cause a characteristic creak at night, but pathological processes in the child's body. Adults will immediately notice radical changes in the behavior of the child, but should not attribute them to the features of the age category. At least for the purpose of prevention, it would be useful to visit the district pediatrician, who will speed up the final diagnosis. According to Dr. Komarovsky, the child grinds his milk teeth in his sleep for the following reasons:

• poor heredity, when parents also suffered from bruxism in childhood;
• enlarged adenoids that need to be urgently treated or removed;
• features of the first eruption of milk teeth;
• acute deficiency of B vitamins.

Why does a child grind his teeth in a dream for external reasons

Teeth grinding is often explained by social factors, i.e. lifestyle and habits of a restless child. For example, adults should understand that even positive emotions before bed can be harmful, especially if there are a lot of them. An impressionable baby in a dream on a subconscious level sorts out the passed day, and an extremely unpleasant gnashing of teeth becomes a systematic reaction to excessive positive.

A period of increased emotional excitability is not the only reason why a child grinds his teeth at night in a dream. It is necessary to remember about sudden changes in atmospheric pressure and other natural phenomena that adversely affect the health and behavior of a hypersensitive child. If the parents keep a personal diary of the baby and make appropriate notes, it will become obvious what atmospheric phenomena the baby reacts so sharply to in a dream.

Why does a child grind his teeth at night for internal reasons

It often happens that grinding teeth is a pathology, that is, not everything is in order in the child's body. This alarming sign is sometimes somewhat late, so it is necessary to examine the child at the first symptomatology. If the underlying disease is eliminated, then the unpleasant rattle itself disappears without additional medication. Cases are different, but the following factors are considered pathogenic, why a child grinds his teeth at night:

• , transferred stress, instability of the emotional sphere of the child;
• sleep disturbance with a tendency to chronic insomnia;
• exacerbation of maxillofacial pathologies (as an option - muscle spasm);
• problems of a dental nature, for example, malocclusion, difficulty in eruption of the eighth positions in the mouth;
• long-term exposure to harmful products of intoxication on the child's body.

What to do if the child grinds his teeth at night

No matter how much the grinding of the teeth is heard, timely consultation with a specialist is important. Only in this case, the prevention and treatment of bruxism in a comfortable home environment will be as effective as possible. The first step is to identify the pathogenic factor together with the attending physician and eliminate it. For this, the presence of the following events is important:

• elimination of stressful situations from the life of a child;
• long walks in the fresh air to avoid dangerous oxygen starvation;
• purchase of silicone caps with their wearing for the period of sleep;
• taking phytopreparations of a sedative effect;
• ensuring the flow of heat to the abdominal muscles for the period of sleep.

If such actions are taken, but the effect is mediocre, it is recommended to turn to a neurologist for advice, use potent drugs with a number of side effects during treatment. Doctors do not recommend taking such extreme measures, otherwise you can provoke a number of other diseases with serious complications for children's health.

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