Dyslalia. Causes of occurrence. consultation (senior group) on the topic. Teach your child to pronounce sounds correctly! Child speaks with clenched teeth

Nocturnal grinding of teeth (bruxism) is a symptom of various diseases. To determine why a child grinds his teeth in a dream, you need to monitor the emotional state, examine the baby. Ignoring bruxism can lead to unpleasant situations, the development of diseases.

How is the screech made?

Bruxism occurs at night due to contraction of the masticatory muscles. Normally, teeth only touch each other when eating, which causes friction. In a relaxed state, the jaws are in contact, but friction is not created. With bruxism, the jaw muscles are tense, the teeth are pressed tightly against each other and the child creaks with them.

Bruxism is a common occurrence. Teeth grinding is noted in every third or fifth preschool child. Boys grind their teeth more often than girls.

Features of bruxism in children

Night grinding is not a purely childish problem. This phenomenon also occurs in adults, but much less frequently.

The creaking sound of a child can be heard not only at night. Sometimes the problem manifests itself during daylight hours. Usually the attack does not last long, about 10 seconds.

If the symptom occurs from time to time, and the baby's condition does not change, parents should not worry. If a child often grinds his teeth for a long time in his sleep, and is irritated in the morning, complains of a headache, as well as in the muscles of the jaw, this is a reason to consult a specialist.

Sometimes parents may not be aware of the symptom, such as if the child is older and sleeping in a different room.

Require treatment for bouts of bruxism that have been observed for more than a month.

Why does a child grind his teeth in his sleep? Doctor Komarovsky will tell about the reasons

1. Children's psyche has its own characteristics. Children handle stress differently. Even small nervous stresses can affect the baby's body, manifest as a nightly grinding of teeth. Bruxism indicates that the child's nervous system has failed, out of balance.
2. Often a rattle can be heard during or when they are changed to indigenous ones. Such processes are accompanied by itching and discomfort, the baby tries to scratch his teeth and creaks them. When observed daytime bruxism.
3. Pathology in the form of malocclusion, as well as diseases of the jaw joints, are manifested by night grinding.
4. An important role is played by the hereditary factor. If one of the parents suffered from bruxism, the risk of nighttime grinding in the child increases.
5. Toddlers who suffer from nightmares, sleepwalking, or other sleep disturbances often grind their teeth. This also applies to children who snore and talk in their sleep.
6. Adenoids, runny nose, otitis are manifested by a violation of nasal breathing, discomfort. The baby cannot breathe freely, especially at night, worries, grinds his teeth.
7. With a lack of trace elements that affect muscle contraction and the functioning of the nervous system, bruxism occurs. This is how a deficiency of calcium, magnesium, B vitamins and amino acids manifests itself.
8. With insufficient load on the jaw, the baby eats soft, mashed food, the child reflexively clenches his jaw at night.

Is nighttime teeth grinding related to? The older generation confidently declares the presence of worms at the first manifestations of bruxism. But there is no direct connection between the presence of helminths and night grinding.

Bruxism can manifest itself both in children suffering from helminthiasis and in healthy children. Indeed, the creaking of teeth in children with helminthic invasion is exacerbated. The reason for this is the discomfort associated with helminths.

Why does a child grind his teeth day and night? Differences between daytime and nighttime bruxism

Daytime bruxism is more typical for emotional children, when even small troubles bring a whirlwind of emotions. The kid reflexively clenches his teeth and creates a characteristic creak. Experts attribute daytime bruxism to a bad habit, not a pathology.

A professional psychologist can help the child, who will find an approach to the baby and gently teach him to control his actions. It is unacceptable to scold and punish a child for grinding his teeth during the day, this will aggravate the problem, entail other disorders.

There are special methods and exercises that can teach the baby to cope with bruxism.

When teething, the baby squeezes his teeth, scratches, bites. So the child is experimenting with his body, trying to try something new. Often, the creaking of teeth amuses the baby; such bruxism should not be considered a problem. It is enough to gently show the child that you should not do this, you can buy it.

Night bruxism occurs involuntarily, the baby is unable to control it.

Often night grinding is accompanied by other manifestations:

• gnashing, creaking, clicking of the teeth, which lasts 10-15 seconds and repeats periodically;
• during an attack, blood pressure rises, the pulse rate rises, the baby breathes more often.

Why should teeth grinding be treated?

Parents often ask whether it is worth resorting to drug therapy for nighttime grinding of teeth. If bruxism is not considered a disease, maybe you should not pay attention to it?

Bruxism leads to complications that are invisible at first glance. Over time, the changes manifest themselves more and more, diseases arise.

The consequences of bruxism are as follows:

1. Daytime sleepiness.The baby cannot completely relax at night, fall into a deep sleep, his muscles remain in a tense state. After such a night, the child wakes up unrested, lethargic, capricious.Cognitive functions are impaired, attention is scattered, academic performance is reduced. Moreover, fatigue accumulates every day, the baby cannot rest properly.
2. Enamel is worn off. The child actively works with his jaws in a dream, the enamel of the teeth is subjected to constant mechanical stress. The thin enamel of children's teeth is gradually erased, there is an increased sensitivity of the teeth, gum disease. The child refuses to eat sour, sweet, hot, cold.If you notice that the baby is in pain while eating, cannot eat certain foods, seek the advice of a specialist. This may indicate increased sensitivity of the teeth, dental problems.If the enamel is erased significantly, a malocclusion occurs. If you skip the problem, the malocclusion is fixed, remains deformed.
3. Disorders of the nervous system. Neurological disorders manifest themselves with a long course of bruxism, when the nightly grinding of teeth is not defined for a long time. Then the kids get to different specialists, for a long time they cannot cope with the problem.

Clinical manifestations of neurology in bruxism are diverse and often "disguised" as other diseases. Children complain of pain in the head, face, neck. Possible dizziness, decreased vision and hearing.

Diagnosis of bruxism

If you notice signs of bruxism, first of all, watch your baby sleep. Pay attention to how long the attacks last, how often the creaking appears.

Notice how the child behaved the day before, whether there were any emotional or physical stress. It is important to observe whether there are any manifestations of the problem during the day, whether the baby's condition is disturbed.

Then parents should contact a specialist. To clarify the diagnosis, doctors recommend a polysomnographic study. This diagnostic method allows you to register the contraction of the jaw muscles that occur involuntarily. The method helps to distinguish bruxism from hidden pathologies, it is indispensable for children at risk of development.

A dentist can help diagnose bruxism. The doctor examines the baby's oral cavity, determines the condition of the teeth and gums, and pays attention to the wear of the enamel.

In doubtful cases, the dentist recommends using a special Brooks checker. This is a cap made of soft plastic or rubber, it is worn while the child is sleeping. In the morning, the state of the cap is assessed, deformed areas indicate a load on the teeth in these places.

For an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment, the child should be consulted by related specialists. Such children are examined by a dentist, a neuropathologist, a psychologist.

What to do if the child grinds his teeth in a dream?

If the phenomenon of bruxism is rare, the baby sleeps peacefully, and wakes up cheerful and cheerful, you can limit yourself to general recommendations for treating nighttime teeth grinding.

1. . The child must clearly understand the time of sleep and wakefulness, regularly walk in the fresh air and have enough rest.
2. Balanced diet. A balanced diet will provide the baby with all the vitamins and minerals, support the health of the baby. Eliminate too sweet foods, fatty, heavy foods, dyes and preservatives from the diet.Do not overfeed the baby at night, it will also make the baby's sleep restless. You need to have dinner 2 hours before going to bed.
3. Give solid food during the day. Try to treat the little one with an apple, carrot, cabbage during daylight hours. Let the chewing muscles work, so you reduce the nighttime muscle activity.
4. Preparation for sleep. Try to play quiet games before going to bed. A hot bath, reading books, lullabies will help to relax the baby.If the baby "walked" before going to bed, be sure to calm the baby down. An overexcited child cannot sleep peacefully.
5. family atmosphere. Children's behavior is a mirror image of family relationships. Create a homely, cozy atmosphere. Never sort things out in the presence of children.

Try to be attentive and patient to the requests of the crumbs, give him more time, hug and kiss the baby. Contact with parents is very important, it prevents many psychological problems in the future.

Once the diagnosis of bruxism is established, the baby will need a comprehensive approach to overcome the problem.

Bruxism Treatment Methods

1. Psychological. Children suffering from bruxism need psychological support, attention and understanding. A competent psychologist will help the family overcome the problem, establish trusting relationships.
2. Somatic. Treatment of complications of bruxism, diseases of the oral cavity, gums, bite correction, selection of a bracket system.
3. Medical. Taking drugs that relieve nervous tension, normalize sleep: T enoten, glycine, herbal preparations (valerian root). Soothing baths are available.To reduce the contractility of muscles, calcium, magnesium, and B vitamins are often prescribed.
4. Physiotherapy. Relaxing massage, compresses on the face. Warm compresses are applied for 10-15 minutes on the cheekbones, the procedure is repeated 2 times a day. Compresses help to relax, relieve tension and pain in the muscles.

With severe symptoms of bruxism, to preserve tooth enamel, experts recommend wearing a special mouthguard during sleep. They are made individually, taking into account all the features of the baby's oral cavity. Wearing a cap prevents a change in the child's bite, relieves stress on the jaw joints, and reduces muscle pain.

Although mouthguards are an effective way to prevent and treat the complications of bruxism, they should not be considered a complete treatment. To identify the cause of night grinding, a comprehensive examination of the child is necessary.

Prevention of night grinding

In order to prevent the development of the problem, you need to pay attention to the health of the baby's oral cavity. Teach your child how to take care of their teeth, treat gum disease in time, fill their teeth.

Try to protect the baby from stress, improve the climate in the family. Emotional children need to be supported, taught to calm down on their own. Older children should be taught self-relaxation techniques.

If the child grinds his teeth in his sleep, do not put off going to the doctor for later. This will prevent the development of negative consequences, help to quickly get rid of the trouble.

Summing up

Many parents face the problem of nighttime teeth grinding. Often these are short attacks that go away on their own and do not require medical treatment.

If grinding your teeth becomes a private companion of sleep, you should definitely pay attention to the duration and frequency of attacks. The problem will also be indicated by the deterioration of the general condition of the child, weakness, irritability, fatigue, impaired concentration.

At the first suspicious symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor who will prescribe a set of examinations and figure out the causes of the problem. In the case of bruxism, timely treatment will prevent the development of complications and keep the baby healthy.

Content

At night, parents can hear an unpleasant rattle, which should alert and alarm. If a small child grinds his teeth during sleep, this is an obvious sign of bruxism that needs to be treated promptly. The health problem that has arisen should not be hushed up, in the morning you need to sign up for an unscheduled appointment with the doctor.

Why do children grind their teeth in their sleep according to folk theory

There are several reasons for this phenomenon, but among the people it is customary to associate the night grinding of teeth with worms. Before diligently treating helminths with home methods, a caring mother of a baby needs to contact a specialist in a timely manner and determine the real pathogenic factor by clinical and laboratory methods. Otherwise, antihelminthic drugs will be ineffective, moreover, they will negatively affect the general state of children's digestion. As practice shows, the child grinds his teeth in his sleep for completely different reasons.

Why does a child grind his teeth at night according to Dr. Komarovsky

According to the opinion of the "screen doctor", it is not so much rapidly progressing helminths that can cause a characteristic creak at night, but pathological processes in the child's body. Adults will immediately notice radical changes in the behavior of the child, but should not attribute them to the features of the age category. At least for the purpose of prevention, it would be useful to visit the district pediatrician, who will speed up the final diagnosis. According to Dr. Komarovsky, the child grinds his milk teeth in his sleep for the following reasons:

• poor heredity, when parents also suffered from bruxism in childhood;
• enlarged adenoids that need to be urgently treated or removed;
• features of the first eruption of milk teeth;
• acute deficiency of B vitamins.

Why does a child grind his teeth in a dream for external reasons

Teeth grinding is often explained by social factors, i.e. lifestyle and habits of a restless child. For example, adults should understand that even positive emotions before bed can be harmful, especially if there are a lot of them. An impressionable baby in a dream on a subconscious level sorts out the passed day, and an extremely unpleasant gnashing of teeth becomes a systematic reaction to excessive positive.

A period of increased emotional excitability is not the only reason why a child grinds his teeth at night in a dream. It is necessary to remember about sudden changes in atmospheric pressure and other natural phenomena that adversely affect the health and behavior of a hypersensitive child. If the parents keep a personal diary of the baby and make appropriate notes, it will become obvious what atmospheric phenomena the baby reacts so sharply to in a dream.

Why does a child grind his teeth at night for internal reasons

It often happens that grinding teeth is a pathology, that is, not everything is in order in the child's body. This alarming sign is sometimes somewhat late, so it is necessary to examine the child at the first symptomatology. If the underlying disease is eliminated, then the unpleasant rattle itself disappears without additional medication. Cases are different, but the following factors are considered pathogenic, why a child grinds his teeth at night:

• , transferred stress, instability of the emotional sphere of the child;
• sleep disturbance with a tendency to chronic insomnia;
• exacerbation of maxillofacial pathologies (as an option - muscle spasm);
• problems of a dental nature, for example, malocclusion, difficulty in eruption of the eighth positions in the mouth;
• long-term exposure to harmful products of intoxication on the child's body.

What to do if the child grinds his teeth at night

No matter how much the grinding of the teeth is heard, timely consultation with a specialist is important. Only in this case, the prevention and treatment of bruxism in a comfortable home environment will be as effective as possible. The first step is to identify the pathogenic factor together with the attending physician and eliminate it. For this, the presence of the following events is important:

• elimination of stressful situations from the life of a child;
• long walks in the fresh air to avoid dangerous oxygen starvation;
• purchase of silicone caps with their wearing for the period of sleep;
• taking phytopreparations of a sedative effect;
• ensuring the flow of heat to the abdominal muscles for the period of sleep.

If such actions have been taken, but the effect is mediocre, it is recommended to turn to a neurologist for advice, use potent drugs with a number of side effects during treatment. Doctors do not recommend taking such extreme measures, otherwise you can provoke a number of other diseases with serious complications for children's health.

Do not be upset, because qualified specialists will help eliminate dyslalia or incorrect pronunciation of some sounds!

Prevention is easier than cure!

In fact, nothing terrible is hidden behind this intricate diagnosis. Parents should know that in its pure form, dyslalia involves only a violation of sound pronunciation. At the same time, the baby has normal hearing, sufficient vocabulary and a stable skill of coordinating words when uttering. That is, the perception of speech and the lexical and grammatical structure are in perfect order!

There are two forms of dyslalia: functional and mechanical (organic). We would not dwell on the speech therapy aspects of this violation, if not for one BUT. Preventing dyslalia is much easier than fixing existing defects. Therefore, knowing the mechanisms of the occurrence of this disease will help to avoid the problem. After all, the saying is known: “Armed means protected!”

So, functional dyslalia. Its occurrence is directly related to the physical condition of the crumbs and the social conditions of his life. If a child is often sick, especially during the period of active development of speech, this can lead to various violations of sound pronunciation. It is possible that somatic weakness will also cause a delay in psychoverbal development. Therefore, by increasing the child's immunity with the help of hardening procedures, physical exercises and rational nutrition, parents protect the baby from speech disorders. A set of preventive measures must be introduced literally from the first days of a baby's life!

Functional dyslalia can also appear if the baby is not given enough attention. Lack of communication leads to disastrous consequences! The baby does not develop phonemic hearing, that is, hearing for speech sounds. A child will never pronounce sounds correctly unless they hear enough of them. So talk to the little one as much as possible. Voice any of your and his actions, name objects and phenomena, tell tales, sing songs. The sounds of native speech should be heard by the baby. However, sometimes communication can be harmful. If in a conversation with a baby they lisp, distort words, such “patterns” remain in memory and subsequently appear in pronunciation. Watch your speech, because for a child it is a standard.

What to do if adults have their own speech defects? It is known that in some families they are passed down from generation to generation ... In many cases, the matter is not so much in heredity as in the effect of imitation. The environment, in particular the family, transmits to its members the specifics of pronunciation, the tempo and modulation of the voice, characteristic words, expressions, even intonation! The baby perceives all the features of the local dialect as the norm. He still does not understand what is right and what is not. What to do, because you can’t forbid relatives with speech defects or dialectal pronunciation to communicate with the baby? It would be absurd! However, the dominant role in the education of the crumbs at the stage of formation of his speech should belong to a person with the correct pronunciation and literary (normative) language. Ideally, this is a mother, although her father or grandmother will successfully replace her. Finally, a professional nanny or governess. There is always a way out!

Let's check the bite!

The development of speech also depends on the physical data of the baby.

There are factors that can lead to mechanical dyslalia. Among them are defects and anomalies in the structure of the dental-jaw system, tongue, palate and lips (consequences of trauma or congenital pathology).

What should you pay attention to?

Firstly, on the structure of the upper and lower jaws, on how the baby's teeth are located. For example, you want to check your bite. Ask the baby to firmly clench his teeth and smile as wide as possible. The front teeth in the upper jaw protrude strongly forward and literally cover the lower ones? So, the baby has prognathism. If the picture is just the opposite: the lower jaw is pushed forward, and the upper teeth are not visible behind the lower teeth - there is a progeny.

Perhaps, with closed teeth, the child has a large gap between the upper and lower incisors, into which the tongue tries to stick out. This is a sign of an anterior open bite. The gap can also “draw” from the side, between the molars. Then they talk about a lateral open bite (both one- and two-sided).

Bite defects often provoke improperly selected pacifiers or an unreasonably prolonged “friendship” of a baby with a nipple.

Heredity also plays a role. In any case, if something is wrong with the baby, you should contact the dental clinic to see an orthodontist.

Previously, a child with defects in the dentition and jaw system was assisted after 7-8 years (after the change of milk teeth). Now the bite is corrected earlier. This is also important because sound pronunciation is formed by 4-5 years. The sooner you eliminate the causes that interfere with normal pronunciation, the better.

Anomalies in the structure of the teeth and jaws most often inhibit the appearance of whistling and hissing sounds. There are so-called sigmatisms (interdental, dental, labio-dental, lateral, etc.) and parasigmatisms (replacement of whistling and hissing with other sounds). The sounds L and R suffer no less. Of course, it is not necessary that a child with prognathia, progeny or open bite will have all of the above defects. The compensatory potential of the child's body is great. But if there is a violation of sound pronunciation, it is worthwhile to correct the bite.

Sometimes everything is more or less normal with children's teeth, but the pronunciation of sounds is somehow constrained, blurry. The child speaks through clenched teeth. He cannot freely move his lower jaw, open his mouth wide. Probably, the whole thing is in the structure of the facial bones, in particular in the articulation of the upper and lower jaws. Only the lower jaw has mobility, but if its movements are limited, problems arise. Simple exercises come to the rescue. Do them together with the baby, sitting in front of the mirror. You can simply open and close your mouth, increasing the solution between the teeth over and over again. Or move the lower jaw from side to side or back and forth. And you can tell the baby one of the stories about the Tongue. This makes the exercises so much more fun!

Exercise "Stubborn doors"

Due to the constant dampness of the doorin the house of the tongue they swelled and could not close tightly. Invite the baby to lower and immediately raise the lower jaw several times, opening and closing the mouth. First, let's do it freely, and then - substituting a hand from below and interfering with the movement of the jaw.

The tongue had to swing the doors to get out of the house.

Exercise "Stubborn doors"

At first, the baby swings the lower jaw from side to side at least 10 times. Then the lower jaw must be pushed forward and pushed back at the expense of "one-two".

Sometimes the doors were generally warped, and the outer doors prevented the inner ones from closing.

Exercise "Skewing"

The upper teeth bite the lower lip;

The lower teeth bite the upper lip;

Alternate biting the lower and upper lip.

All exercises must be done at least 5 times.

The tongue took the planer in his hands and hewed the edges of the doors.

Exercise "Planer"

With your upper front incisors, vigorously “scratch” your lower lip at least 5 times;

Do the same, but with the lower incisors on the upper lip.

Alternate both of these movements at least 5 times.

Finally, the doors were free to open and close.

Consistently close your teeth first, and then your lips.

It is useful to tell this story, and at the same time do the listed exercises with children who have prognathia and progenia. However, in order for tangible results to appear, you need to do it regularly, and not from case to case. At first, 5 minutes is enough. Gradually increase your workout time to 20 minutes. It is better to practice for a short time, but 2-3 times a day.

Try to come up with a continuation of the story about stubborn doors and the Tongue. Show your imagination!

What's with the sponges?

Lips and their structure play an important role in the articulation of sounds. Unfortunately, babies often injure the sponges, and tightening scars appear on them, limiting mobility. A shortened, as if upturned upper lip does not contribute to the appearance of many sounds, in particular whistling and hissing, as well as P, B, M. Exercises and massage come to the rescue. The latter is best entrusted to specialists, but articulation training can be done at home. You just need to remember a few rules in addition to those already listed.

1. Do not take all the exercises to work with your child at once. Start with one or two. When they work well, take on the next ones, not forgetting to repeat the old ones.

2. Before starting home self-study, it is advisable to consult a speech therapist.

Stubborn tongue

It remains to talk about language and palate. Violations in the structure of the language are diverse. It can be massive (macroglossia) or, conversely, tiny (microglossia), loose, jelly-like, etc. The most common is a shortened hyoid frenulum. Unfortunately, there is an opinion that it can be stretched with the help of exercises. It's a delusion! With a persistent violation of the sounds L, R, W, W, H (and if the hyoid ligament is clearly shortened), there is only one way out - surgical intervention. Sometimes parents, out of "pity" for the baby, want to leave everything as it is. But in this case, the child is doomed to burr and suffer from dyslalia all his life ... The operation allows you to solve the problem once and for all. However, after it, it is necessary to engage in rehabilitation and sound production with a speech therapist. Home remedies are indispensable here. You will need special massage and articulation exercises. But the child will finally have a clear speech!

Articulation exercises for the lips

They are useful for children with certain deviations in the bite.

1. "Smile"

The lips are naturally stretched in a smile, the teeth are clenched with a “fence”, while the front ones are clearly visible. Duration not less than

10 Seconds.

2. "Tubule"

The teeth are tightly compressed, and the lips are elongated with a tube. Duration is at least 10 seconds.

3. Alternate "Smile" and "Tube"

On the count of “one-two”, repeat both exercises at least 10-15 times.

3. "Funnel"

The teeth are open. On the count of “one”, stretch your lips with a tube, on the count of “two”, pull them inward, tucking them behind your teeth. Repeat at least 10 times.

4. "Hide and Seek"

a) “Hide” the lower lip behind the upper front teeth, while the upper lip seems to hang over the chin. Hold this position for at least 5 seconds.

b) “Hide” the upper lip behind the lower front teeth, only the lower lip is visible, which stretches up to the nose. Hold this position for at least 5 seconds.

c) Alternate the two previous options at the expense of "one-two" at least 10 times.

d) "Hide" the upper and lower lips by pulling them into your mouth and slightly squeezing your front teeth. Hold this position for at least 5 seconds.

5. Timpani

The lips are slightly tucked behind the teeth into the mouth. Slap one against the other, while making a characteristic cotton. Repeat at least 10 times.

6. Bolt

The teeth are tightly clenched, move the lower lip from side to side.

7. "Snorting horse"

Relax your lips and snort like a horse does. Repeat at least 10 times.

Varieties of the palate

Structural features sometimes affect the palate. It is flat, slit-like, "Gothic". Both that, and another, and the third can lead to the fact that the baby will not be able to clearly pronounce hissing (Sh, Zh, Ch, U), as well as the sounds R, L. It is not easy for the tongue to settle down and take the desired shape on one of these "bridgeheads »… However, not everything is so bad. Speech therapists know many ways to deal with these difficulties. Naturally, the shape of the palate cannot be changed, but the tongue will be able to adapt to any inconvenience! It is worth attending several classes with your child to get valuable recommendations and advice, and soon the baby will have the long-awaited sounds.

Anatomical anomalies in the structure of the palate and tongue most often contribute to the occurrence of dyslalia and speech disorders in children. Therefore, do not put off a visit to a dental surgeon and a speech therapist if you notice that the child does not pronounce many sounds.

Dyslalia.

The child is five years old. It's time to get serious about sounds. Listen to what your child is saying. Perhaps the loving parent's ear is “blurred”, so you like everything! True, a neighbor from the second floor says that your child needs to visit a speech therapist .... Yes, she is just jealous of the talkativeness of your offspring! So, at least you think. Or maybe something is really wrong? To dispel doubts, go to a specialist. It is possible that the result of a visit to the office will be the diagnosis: "Dyslalia!" There is nothing terrible behind it. Parents should know that in its pure form, dyslalia involves only impaired sound pronunciation. At the same time, the baby has normal hearing, a broad outlook, a sufficient vocabulary and a stable skill of coordinating words when uttering. That is, intelligence, speech perception and lexical and grammatical structure are in perfect order! Rejoice. All problems, in this case, can be solved within a month, a maximum of six months. This is provided that a speech therapist will deal with the baby. But you must also make a contribution: conduct articulation gymnastics at home, consolidate the skills of correct sound pronunciation on speech material.

2. Causes of dyslalia

There are two forms of dyslalia:functional and mechanical. I would not want to load parents with speech therapy aspects of this problem, but I have to .... The fact is that preventing dyslalia is much easier than eliminating existing defects. Therefore, knowledge of the mechanisms of occurrence of dyslalia will help to avoid mistakes. After all, the saying is known: “Armed means protected”!

So, functional dyslalia. Its occurrence is directly related to the physical condition of the child and the social conditions of his life. If the baby is often sick, especially during the period of active development of speech, this can lead to various violations of sound pronunciation. Somatic weakness sometimes causes a delay in psycho-speech development (ZPRR). This diagnosis has become more and more often given to kids entering speech therapy groups of kindergartens and correctional (compensating) classes of schools. Therefore, by increasing the immunity of the child with the help of various hardening procedures, physical exercises and rational nutrition, parents protect the baby from speech disorders. A set of preventive measures must be introduced literally from the cradle! Remember: in a healthy body - a healthy mind and ... - pure speech!

More functional dyslaliacan appear if the child is not given enough attention. Lack of communication leads to disastrous consequences! The baby does not develop phonemic hearing, that is, hearing for speech sounds. The child will never pronounce the sounds correctly if he does not hear them in sufficient quantities! But, if you have been talking to a baby from the first days of his life, problems with sound pronunciation at 4-5 years old will be minimal.

3. Family dialect is one of the causes of dyslalia.

Unfortunately, communication can also be harmful. If in a conversation with a child, in early childhood, they lisped, distorted words, such “patterns” remained in memory and manifested themselves in the form of incorrect pronunciation at later stages of development. Such a child, as a rule, suffers from a softening of consonants: “stol” (table), “tyasetkya” (cup), “knizetkya” (book). Watch your own speech. She is a model for a child.

But what if the adults themselves have speech defects? Have you observed that in some families they are passed down from generation to generation? And the point is not only and not so much in heredity, but in the effect of imitation. The environment, in particular the family, conveys to the baby the specifics of pronunciation, tempo, voice modulation, characteristic words, expressions, even intonation! The baby absorbs all the features of the “local” dialect like a sponge, and perceives it as the norm. He still does not understand what is right and what is not. How to be in such a case? Forbid relatives with speech defects or dialectal pronunciation to communicate with the baby? It would be absurd! You just need to make it a rule that the dominant role in the upbringing of the crumbs, at the stage of the formation of his speech (from birth to school), should belong to a person with the correct pronunciation and literary (normative) language. Ideally, if this person is a mother. If, for some reason, this is not possible, her father or grandmother will successfully replace her. Finally, a professional nanny or governess. There is always a way out!

4. Causes of mechanical dyslalia.

Defects and anomalies in the structure of the dentition, tongue, palate and lips lead tomechanical dyslalia. It can be a congenital pathology, or acquired as a result of an injury. What should you pay attention to? First, onstructure of the upper and lower jawon the location of the baby's teeth. Violation of the bite is clearly visible with closed jaws. Ask your child to clench their teeth tightly and smile as widely as possible. If the front teeth in the upper jaw protrude strongly forward and literally cover the lower ones, then he has prognathia . If the picture is directly opposite: the lower jaw is pushed forward, and the upper teeth are not visible behind the lower teeth, then progeny . Perhaps, with closed teeth, the baby has a large gap between the upper and lower incisors, into which the tongue tries to stick out. This -anterior open bite. It can also be observed during the period of changing teeth (from five to eight years). The gap can also “draw” from the side, between the molars. Then they talk aboutlateral open bite(both unilateral and bilateral). Bite defects often occur due to incorrectly selected pacifiers, due to their long-term use. Can play a role and heredity. In any case, it is worth contacting a dental clinic to see an orthodontist. Previously, a child with defects in the dentition and jaw system was assisted after 7-8 years (after the change of milk teeth). Now bite correction is carried out at an earlier date. This is also important because sound pronunciation is formed by 4-5 years. The sooner the causes that interfere with normal pronunciation are eliminated, the better. Anomalies in the structure of the teeth and jaws most often prevent the appearance of whistling and hissing sounds. There are so-called sigmatisms (interdental, dental, labio-dental, lateral, etc.) and parasigmatisms (replacement of whistling and hissing with other sounds). Sounds suffer no less [ L] and [R ]. Of course, it is not at all necessary that a child with prognathia, progeny or open bite will have all of the above defects. The compensatory potential of the child's body is great. But, if there is still a violation of sound pronunciation, it is worthwhile to correct the bite.

5. Exercises to eliminate mechanical dyslalia.

Sometimes everything is more or less normal with the teeth, but the pronunciation of sounds is somehow constrained, blurred. The child speaks through clenched teeth. He cannot freely move his lower jaw, open his mouth wide. Perhaps the whole thing is in the structure of the facial bones, in particular, in the articulation of the upper and lower jaws. Only the lower jaw has mobility, if its movements are limited, problems arise. You can develop this mobility with the help of simple exercises. Do them together with the baby, sitting in front of the mirror. You can simply open and close your mouth, increasing the solution between the teeth from time to time. You can move the lower jaw from side to side, or back and forth. And you can tell the kid one of the stories about the gnome Tongue. So doing the exercises will be much more interesting! Don't forget to put a mirror in front of your child. It should be large enough so that he can see not only his, but also your articulation.

Fairy tale "Stubborn doors".

“Due to constant dampness, the doors in the Tongue's house swelled and could not close tightly. (Exercise "Doors": Lower and raise the lower jaw several times, opening and closing the mouth. First, do it freely, then - putting your hand under the chin and "interfering" with the movement of the jaw.)

The tongue had to swing the doors to get out of the house. (Exercise "Stubborn doors": a / the lower jaw swings from side to side at least 10 times; b / the lower jaw moves forward and moves back at the expense of "one-two").

Sometimes the doors were generally warped, and the outer doors prevented the inner ones from closing. (Exercise "Skewing":

The upper teeth bite the lower lip;

The lower teeth bite the upper lip;

Alternate biting the lower and upper lip.

Do all exercise options at least 5 times.)

The tongue took a planer in his hands and combed the edges of the doors. (Exercise "Planer":

With the upper front incisors, vigorously “scrape” along the lower lip at least 5 times;

Do the same, but with the lower incisors with the upper lip;

Alternate both of these movements at least 5 times.)

Finally, the doors could open and close freely (successively close the teeth first, and then the lips).

It is a good idea to tell this story and do the above exercises with children who have prognosis and progeny , as well as various types of malocclusion. Classes should be fairly regular, and not from case to case. Only then will there be tangible results. It would be nice to come up with a continuation of the story about the "stubborn doors" and the dwarf Tongue. Show your imagination! I would like to remind you that the duration of classes at first should not exceed 5 minutes. Gradually increase the time of "training" up to 20 minutes. It is better to practice for a short time, but 2-3 times a day.

6. The influence of the structure of the lips on the articulation of some sounds.

Lips and their structure play an important role in the articulation of sounds. Young children often injure the lips, as a result of which, tightening scars appear on them. This significantly limits the mobility of the "capricious" articulatory organ. A shortened, as if upturned upper lip also does not contribute to the appearance of sounds, in particular, whistling and hissing, as well as sounds [П ], [ B ], [ M ]. Sometimes, under the upper lip is too short bridle connecting the lip to the upper jaw. She does not allow the lip to fall to the desired height. The defect in the office of a dental surgeon is eliminated. It is also necessary to perform this simple operation because a short and massive frenulum under the upper lip leads to the formation of a gap between the upper incisors. In addition to being not entirely aesthetically pleasing, such an anomaly leads to an anterior open bite and defective pronunciation of the series whistling and hissing sounds. It must be warned that such an operation is carried out ONLY AFTER THE CHANGE OF TEETH. IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO DO IT AT THE STAGE OF THE MILK BITE!!!

Two more troubles that, if not fatally affect pronunciation, then at least significantly worsen it and limit the mobility of the lips. These are cracks on the lips and in the corners of the mouth, as well as herpes. If such troubles haunt a child with enviable constancy, he gets used to speaking, moving his lips minimally. After all, any active movement causes pain and significant discomfort! Restricted articulation leads to "blurred" sound pronunciation, significantly impairs speech intelligibility and becomes habitual. Subsequently, "sloppy" pronunciation will serve as fertile ground for dysgraphia (violation of writing).

Lip mobility is increased by massage and articulatoryexercises. Massage is best entrusted to specialists, but exercises can be done at home. Naturally, before this it is necessary to solve all the problems with herpes and cracks on the lips. A few more tips in addition to the above:

1. Do not take all the exercises to work with your child at once. Start with one or two. When they are good, master the next ones, but do not forget to repeat the previous ones.

2. Before starting home self-study, it is still advisable to consult with a speech therapist.

ARTICULATION EXERCISES FOR THE LIPS.

1. "Smile": lips naturally smile, teeth clenched"fence" front teeth are clearly visible. Hold in this position for at least 10 seconds.

2. "Tubule": teeth tightly clenched; stretch your lips forward with a tube and hold in this position for at least 10 seconds.

3 .Alternate exercises"Smile" - "Tube" counting "one-two" at least 10-15 times.

4. Funnel »: teeth are open, on the count"once" lips stretch forward with a "tube", at the expense"two" pull your lips inside your mouth, tucking them behind your teeth. Do at least 10 repetitions.

5. "Timpani": lips slightly curled behind the teeth into the mouth. Slap them one against the other, while making a characteristic patting sound. Do this at least 10 times.

6. "Snorting Horse"”: relax your lips, snort them, as a horse does. Do at least 10 times.

7. Bolt: the teeth are clenched, the lower lip moves from side to side.

8. "Hide and seek": a) "hide" the lower lip behind the upper front teeth, while only the upper lip is visible, it seems to hang over the chin. Hold in this position for at least 5 seconds;

b) hide upper lip behind the lower front teeth, only the lower lip is visible, it stretches up to the nose. Hold in this position for at least 5 seconds;

V) alternate options a) - b) at the expense of "one-two" at least 10 times;

d) hide top and bottomlips, pulling them into the mouth and slightly squeezing the front teeth. Hold in this position for at least 5 seconds.

7. Violations in the structure of the tongue and dyslalia.

Left to talk about tongue and palate . Violations in the structure of the language are diverse: too large, massive (macroglossia), tiny (microglossia), loose, jelly-like, and so on. The most common is a shortened hyoid frenulum. Unfortunately, there is an opinion that it can be stretched with the help of exercises. It's a delusion. With persistent violations of the sounds L, R, W, W, H (and, if the hyoid ligament is clearly shortened), there is only one way out - surgical intervention. The choice, of course, is up to the parents. It is up to them to decide: to leave everything as it is, and doom the child to burr and suffer from dyslalia all his life, or to solve this problem once and for all. But remember, one intervention of the surgeon is not enough here, after the operation it is necessary to engage in rehabilitation and sound production with a speech therapist. Home methods are no longer enough. You will need a special massage and articulation exercises. But your efforts will be rewarded: the child will finally have a clear speech.

8. Anomalies in the structure of the sky - one of the causes of dyslalia

Sky can be of various shapes: flat, slit-like, "gothic". Both that, and another, and the third can lead to defective pronunciation of hissing ([Ш], [Ж], [Ч], [Ш]), sounds [P], [Pb], [L], [L]. It is not easy for the tongue to settle down and take the desired shape on one of these "bridgeheads"! But it is not all that bad. Speech therapists know many ways to deal with these difficulties. True, the shape of the palate cannot be changed, but the tongue can adapt to any inconvenience! A few lessons and you will receive valuable recommendations and advice. And soon the baby will have the long-awaited sounds.

It must be said that anomalies in the structure of the tongue and palate give the highest percentage of defects in sound pronunciation. Do not be too lazy to look into your baby's mouth as early as possible, go for a consultation with a dental surgeon, a speech therapist. It is better to be safe than to give the crumbs a "bouquet of dyslalia"!

Many fathers and mothers face such a problem in their children as teeth grinding at night. Why does a child grind his teeth in a dream, what does it mean? The medical name for this pathology is bruxism. This phenomenon scares parents and makes them panic. The rattle is single, it will last several minutes. During the day, the rattle can also be repeated. Let's try to find out the main causes and essence of the problem.

It is not always worth panicking and running to the doctor, 90% of children grind their teeth at least once in their lives. It can be observed at night, sometimes in the daytime. If the squeaks are single in nature and are repeated extremely rarely, you don’t have to worry.

Main reasons

In cases of regular repetition, it is better to find out the cause and visit a qualified doctor.

• malocclusion;
• transferred stress;
• pathology of the teeth and jaw;
• teething.

Bite

Malocclusion can be congenital or acquired. Due to the incorrect formation of the jaw, the child may make uncharacteristic sounds in a dream. In this case, you need to contact a pediatric orthodontist. Violation of the bite often leads to such negative consequences as crooked teeth, dentin - aging of tooth enamel, inflammation of periodontal tissues. The doctor will prescribe measures to eliminate the problem.

Stress

The child's psyche is not stable and any trifle can turn out to be a shock, not to mention real nervous injuries. The first days in kindergarten, new acquaintances, conflicts with peers - this can cause stress in a child. As a result of mental disorders, bruxism develops.

Adenoids

The growth of adenoid tissue leads to deformation of the jaw apparatus. The increase in lymph exerts internal pressure. Hence the formation of an irregular structure of the jaw. will help to avoid the development of grinding. In 80% of cases, it is the presence of adenoids that explains the appearance of night grinding.

1. Pathologies of the dental apparatus can cause unpleasant grinding. Timely contact with a specialist will help to solve the problem and avoid complications.
2. Cutting teeth can also generate grinding teeth.

Important! Do not attempt to diagnose yourself. Do not self-medicate, consultation with a specialist is necessary.

bruxism symptoms

This disease has its own symptoms:

• drowsiness. The child is lethargic, inactive, constantly wants to sleep;
• headache. It can be weaker, stronger, at night or during the daytime, this reduces the quality of life and interferes with development;
• irritability. Due to poor-quality sleep, the child is nervous over trifles, becomes capricious, loses interest in everything;
• loosening and abrasion of teeth. Teeth are subjected to constant stress, stagger and fall out;
• Ear ache. It can be sharp, stabbing, aching;
• poor appetite. The child refuses to eat, which leads to a general deterioration in health;
• spasm of the facial muscles. Uncharacteristic convulsions of the facial apparatus, they occur involuntarily, cause a lot of discomfort;
• malocclusion. It can be determined with the naked eye.
• poor academic performance. Grades drop, the child's mood worsens.

You can determine the disease with the help of special equipment. polysomyographic examination. This procedure will not cause your child much discomfort. During sleep, special sensors are connected to the body that record brain impulses, muscle activity, eye movement, breathing, and heartbeat. Such studies help to paint a clearer picture of deviations and prescribe adequate treatment.

Treatment and prevention

Treatment of night grinding in children is aimed at maximizing the relaxation of the masticatory muscles. The main thing is to identify the cause and take the necessary measures. The earlier a problem is diagnosed, the less effort will be needed to cure it. There are cases when bruxism of early age independently passed in some children.

It is important to know! This is not a reason to let the disease take its course. Consultation with a doctor will not hurt, the earlier a pathology is detected, the easier it is to cure it.

Attention to bite. When closed, the upper and lower teeth should not touch, the upper jaw should come forward. If the child feels muscle tension, you should try to relax them.

Minimize stressful situations. You can relax the nervous system with the help of massage, yoga, simple physical exercises. An excellent rest for the nervous system will be walking with a child, communicating with pets.

Jaw loading during the day will reduce nighttime grinding. You can chew chewing gum, gnaw seeds, nuts.

Tires

Protection of teeth during the daytime consists in wearing special splints, they are invisible when put on. The dentist selects tires, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient's jaw. This method prevents clenching of the teeth. As a result, the enamel is more protected. Teeth are less subject to friction.

Caps

At night, you need to use special mouthguards. They are made from thermoplastic. Tight fit to the front teeth, providing maximum protection against abrasion. It is better to purchase the device as prescribed by the dentist in pharmacies and specialized stores. The doctor will select the most suitable option.

1. Before going to bed, if there is a feeling of tension in the jaw area, apply a warm heating pad or compress. This will soothe and relax the muscles.
2. With bruxism due to nervous disorders, you can give the child a bath with soothing herbs, give mint tea.
3. In severe cases, the doctor prescribes drugs that reduce nervous tension.
4. Facial massage helps a lot. It can be done by parents. Older children are able to independently carry out the procedure.
5. You can not play active games before going to bed. Watch films that excite the psyche.

Dinner should be light. No fatty, carbohydrate-rich foods. It should be porridge, vegetable puree, fruit.

Be sure to talk to your child. Perhaps, in the course of a frank conversation, it will be possible to find out the reason that led to a nervous breakdown.

Remember! You can not think that this disease is not serious. The consequences of neglected bruxism can be very dangerous, up to serious disorders of the nervous system.

vitamins

Certain vitamins may be prescribed by a doctor. Your task is to organize proper nutrition for your child. As already mentioned, it is worth avoiding foods rich in caffeine, do not pass before bedtime. Eat as many vegetables and fruits as possible, rich in healthy vitamins and minerals. Include soothing herbal teas and infusions in your diet. A complete cure is possible thanks to an integrated approach. Appointments of specialists and independent efforts will help to overcome the disease. Be attentive to your health, do not get sick.

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